A1.2 Nucleic Acids SL Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does DNA do?
DNA stores the genetic information that is passed from parent to offspring
What is a polymer?
A polymer is something that is made up of a long strand of repeating nucleotides
What do viruses use in order to transmit hereditary information?
Some viruses use deoxyribonucleic acid and others use ribonucleic acid
What do all living organisms use to transmit hereditary information from one generation to the next?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Draw a nucleotide….
….
What do nucleotides contain?
A phosphate group a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base
Draw a nucleotide being linked to another one….
What are nucleotides linked by?
Nucleotides are linked by a covalent bond (phosphodiester bond) between the pentose sugar of one and a phosphate group of another
What are the bases in RNA?
Adenine-Uracil
Cytosine-Guanine
What are the bases in DNA?
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
Which bases are purine and which bases are pyrimidine?
Adenine, Guanine are purines
Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil and pyrimidines
What is the structural differences between purines and pyrimidines?
Purines are double rings whereas pyrimidines are single rings
What does the sequence of bases determine?
The bases determine the genetic code
What forms a phosphodiester bond and what happens?
Phosphodiester bonds are formed by a condensation rxn and here a water moelcule gets removed
What condensation rxn forms a phosphodiester bond?
A condensation rxn were a water molecule is removed in order to form a covalent bond
Draw a condensation rnx forming a phosphodiester bond….
….
What do bases need in between in order for them to connect?
-Bases need a hydrogen bond between them
-A-T have 2 hydrogen bons
-C-G have 3 hydrogen bonds
What is gene expression?
-Gene expression refers to using the codes in DNA in order to synthesise a protein
1. DNA is used as a template to make RNA
2. RNA is translated into a protein
Draw a DNA molecule….
….
How can DNA molecules vary?
DNA molecules can vary in length and pattern of bases
What are the structural similarities between DNA and RNA
-Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucelotides
-In both DNA and RNA Cytosine binds with Guanine
What are the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
-DNA is double stranded
-RNA is single stranded
-DNA has deoxyribose
-RNA has ribose sugar
-In RNA Adenine-Thymine
-In RNA Adenine-Uracil
How does DNA replication work?
- A DNA molecule is split into two strands
- Each of these strands is used as a template for synthesizing a new strand
- We end up with two identical DNA molecules
What makes all living organisms the same?
Universal genetic code, which is interpreting the codes from RNA the same way
What is complementary base pairing used for?
-Complementary base pairing is used for DNA replication & gene expression
What does the universal genetic code show evidence for?
The universal genetic code is evidence that all life arose from a common ancestor
