A2.2 Cell structure Flashcards
1.What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
A. Both are found in the cells of Filicinophyta.
B. Both contain grana.
C. Both occur in all eukaryotic cells.
D. Both are found in a Paramecium.
A. Both are found in the cells of Filicinophyta.
- Which living structure is an exception to the cell theory?
A. Striated muscle fibres
B. A single-celled alga carrying out all of the functions of life
C. The artificial synthesis of the organic molecule urea
D. A multicellular organism with cells undertaking specialized roles
A. Striated muscle fibres
3.What function is performed by the part of the cell shown in the electron micrograph?
[Source: George E. Palade Electron Microscopy Slide Collection Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library Yale University Library.]
A. Locomotion
B. Synthesis of proteins
C. Movement of chromosomes
D. Breakdown of cellular organelles
B. Synthesis of proteins
4.Three cell types are shown in the micrographs.
[Source: left: UCSF School of Medicine, Courtesy of Prof. D Schmucker. middle: Professor Roger Meicenheimer, Miami University, Department of Botany. right: Courtesy of visualhistology.com.]
What feature distinguishes striated muscle fibres from the three cell types shown in the images?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleoid regions
C. Multinucleate structure
D. Membrane-bound organelles
C. Multinucleate structure
- The electron micrograph shows a section through a cell.
[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb. Nucleus, glyoxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria - magnification
at 13,900x - UWDC - UW-Madison Libraries (wisc.edu) (https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AE2SBIWRVTRR5T87).]
What is the name of the cell component labelled Y?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoplasm
D. Vacuole
B. Nucleus
- Chlorella and Paramecium are both unicellular eukaryotic organisms living in freshwater. Chlorella is photosynthetic and has a cell wall. Which organelle will be found in Paramecium but not in Chlorella?
A. Chloroplast
B. Contractile vacuole
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Mitochondrion
B. Contractile vacuole
7.Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
(a) Outline the structures in M. tuberculosis that are not present in a human cell. [3]
a. cell wall
b. pili
c. 70S ribosomes
d. nucleoid DNA/circular DNA
OR
naked DNA
e. plasmids
8.The image shows part of a plant cell with a chloroplast in close proximity to mitochondria.
[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb.]
(a) State two structural similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts. [2]
1.
2.
a. a loop of plasmids
b. 70S RIBOSOMES X
c. DOUBLE MEMBRANE X
d. large area of internal membranes/cristae and thylakoids
(ONLY NEED 2)
- Explain the importance of plasma membranes in eukaryote cells. (2 marks)
It has selective permeability where the plasma membrane regulates substance movement.
It is a barrier that prevents self components from leaving.
REVISION VILLAGE: 6. a. i. Identify an organelle in the figure below whose structure provides evidence for the endosymbiotic theory (check img)
Mitochondria
REVISION VILLAGE: 6. a. ii. Label with the letter “S” an example of the organelle named in part i.
Correctly labeled mitochondria (the various semi-gray dots scattered on the diagram)
REVISION VILLAGE: 6. a. iii. Describe 3 features of the i. organelle that support the endosymbiotic theory
Options (need 3):
- has double membrane
- contains 70S ribosomes
- contains own genes/circular DNA
- can carry out translation/transcription
- can self-replicate
REVISION VILLAGE: 6. b. Compare and contrast mitochondria with typical prokaryote structures
Any TWO of following (can be table format)
Similarities (only 1 for 1p)
- both contain circular DNA OR genetic material
- both contain 70S ribosomes
Differences (only 1 for 1p)
- mitochondria has no cell wall, prokaryotes do
- mitochondria have cristae, prokaryotes don’t
- some prokaryotes have flagella/pilli, mitochondria don’t
- prokaryotes don’t have double membrane, mitochondria does
REVISION VILLAGE: 7. a. Distinguish between a colony of algal cells forming a multicellular sphere, and a multicellular plant such as a water lily.
Any three of the following:
→
colony of algal cells are generally undifferentiated WHEREAS multicellular plants like water lilies are composed of different types OR differentiated of cells [1]
→
no OR minimal organisation OR minimal division of labour of cells in algal colony, WHEREAS in multicellular plant cells arranged into tissues, organs and organ systems, OR well-defined structures carry out specific roles in plants [1]
→
each individual algal cell is capable of performing all necessary functions for life OR survival independently WHEREAS most individual cells of multicellular plants cannot survive independently OR away from the main body of the plant [1]
→
each algal cell in a colony is genetically distinct, WHEREAS nearly all cells in a multicellular organism are genetically identical [1]
→
development of colonies is often simple OR cells simply join existing colony WHEREAS plants undergo complex developmental processes [1]
→
reproduction in an algal colony typically involves asexual methods WHEREAS in multicellular plants such as the water lily typically involves sexual reproduction OR multicellular plants use both sexual and asexual reproduction
REVISION VILLAGE: 7. b. Draw a labelled diagram which shows the structure of an animal cell.
Any four of the following labelled correctly in an appropriate drawing of an animal cell:
→
nucleus (shown with double membrane) [1]
→
cytoplasm [1]
→
cell OR plasma membrane [1]
→
mitochondrion [1]
→
ribosome [1]
→
golgi apparatus [1]
→
rough endoplasmic reticulum [1]
→
smooth endoplasmic reticulum [1]
→
lysosome [1]
and the following:
→
diagram drawn without sketchy lines and acceptable size
