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Product Design A2 > A2 Design questions > Flashcards

A2 Design questions Flashcards

1
Q

describe how a full scale mock up helps you to communicate to designers? (4 reasons)

A

…make sure all proportions are correct.
… test product i.e. a chair.
… saves manufacturing cost, can look see any potential issues that may need clarifying.
… look at the ergonomics and aesthetics of the product.

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2
Q

describe how block models help you communicate as a designer? (3 reasons)

A

…usually like blue foam models.
… quick mock up of the design.
… test some specific stuff- i.e. different shapes for seating.
… cheap to manufacture, saves cost instead of actual materials.

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3
Q

what are human factors?

A

anthropmetrics, ergonomics, etc.

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4
Q

what to consider if you have disabled people?

A

…ramps instead of stairs.
…bright colours, used for blind people. (particular sighted)
… adjustment items.
… levers made bigger.
… add texture onto the floor so they know where they are.

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5
Q

what to consider when doing anthropocentric data? and give 2 examples.

A

need to consider the general level of humans, measured from the 95-5%ile.
… car seats (adjustable for different heights)
… adjustable seat belts.
… adjustable head rest.

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6
Q

what to consider when look at the ergonomics of a product?

A 
how easy the product is to use.
how well you can interact with it.
how easy is it to access
how the product feels.
has to meet all consumers needs.
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7
Q

what is an iconic design, and give some examples?

A

examples are Dyson, mini and Apple.
An iconic design is usually a design that is ‘ground breaking’ and one that sets new standards in its field. It is a design that other designers and manufacturers follow, as it becomes a bench mark for other similar products.

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8
Q

what are 2 types of wasting methods?

A

belt sanding and sawing, they subtract material that cannot be used again.

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9
Q

what are prototypes, give 5 points about them?

A

is a full scale model of a product before it is put into production.
… can see any faults before manufacturing the actual thing, can be addressed early on.
…quick and easy mock up
…it enables you to test and refine the functionality of the product.
… can look at the product in a 3D perspective.
… allows you to develop out your ideas further.
…

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10
Q

name 5 types of modern technology?

A

Infrared on TV’s, bluetooth, wifi, rechargable batteries and touchscreen.

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11
Q

name 5 different types of finishings on metals?

A 
... electroplating.
... painting.
... powder coating.
... spray painting.
... natural oxides.
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12
Q

name 5 different types of finishing woods?

A 
...wax
... varnish
... natural oxides.
... painting.
... oils
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13
Q

what are the 3 different types of metals?

A

ferrous
non-ferrous
alloys

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14
Q

what is a smart material and give one example?

A

is a material that reacts to a certain stimulus. i.e. thermochromic sheet- measuring someones temperature as it changes colour.

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15
Q

what are the two types of touchscreen?

A

resistive and copasative- conducts electricity through your finger.

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16
Q

what is an RFID chip and what are they used for?

A

used for contact less cards such as apple pay. it picks up the radio frequently of the machine, and recognises the process.

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17
Q

how would a soft drinks can be made e.g. coke can?

A

it would be deep drawn. the blank (aluminium metal) would be placed onto the mould, where it is held in places by clamps. the punch then pushed onto the blank to take the shape of the lower mould.
it is a reduction process
the walls of the cup become a 1/3 thinner than before.

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18
Q

what to consider when looking at the environment?

A

sustainability. Co2 levels, green house gases from power plants etc.

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19
Q

name 5 types of manufacturing?

A

…QRM (quick response manufacturing) the manufacturing of the product is made from customers demands, rather than making products in stock.
… JIT (just in time)
… EPOS (electronic point of sale) barcodes are scanned when sold, so business can keep on top of stock control.
… MPS (master production schedule)- computer controlled system to measure stuff in order of quantity- e.g. mini “build to order”.

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20
Q

what does FMS (flexible manufacturing systems) do and what are 4 types?

A

it is where production equipment can create/manufacture a variety of products e.g. changing customer demands.
examples?
… CNC laser cutter.
… CNC punches.
… Press former.
… robotic arms.
they are all programmed differently, inter- changable and can do multiple tasks.

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21
Q

name the 4 types of production?

A

…mass production- efficient and high quantities example:nuts and bolts.
… batch production- made to order.
… one of production- high quality, high costs.
… continuous production- extrusion i.e. drinks straws.

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22
Q

how would plastic food packaging be made and what out of?

A

it would be vacuum formed, and would be made out of PET- as it is food safe, good moisture/water barrier, good chemical resistance and easy to make into these shapes.

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23
Q

give 5 advantages of CAD/CAM?

A

…can make 3D drawings, enabling you to look at your product in a different perspective.
…can easily send finished files via email or bluetooth.
… can apply surface finishes (rendering) making the product look realistic.
… can easily adapt the design if you are not happy with it.
… shows you how each component will be fitted together.
… can create working drawings of the design.
… make an accurate prototype of your design.
… put the product into VR.

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24
Q

what are the two types of rapid prototyping?

A

LOM (layered object modelling)- 3D objects made into layers. (3D printers)
Fused deposition modelling (FDM)-

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25
Q

name 7 pros/cons on Virtual reality modelling (VR)?

A

…allows designers to see the opportunity and manipulate their designs in a photo realistic way.
…creates a 3D model of your design, therefore can look at it in many different perspectives.
… put a product into a specific environment.
… used for gaming, seeing futurist products.
… saves costs of making real prototype and putting the product into an actual environment.
… can apply finishes such as rendering, to make the product look realistic.
… can easily be adapted if there is issues, as it will be done by computer.
… can easily send the file via email to customers or people that want to see the product.
… see full size model in action in VR.

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26
Q

what are the 3 types of robots?

A

…first generation- old types, if an egg broke it would leave it.
… second generation- if an egg broke, would alert someone.
… third generation- if an egg broke, it would fix the problem immediately. the newer technologies uses sensors to detect change to its environment.

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27
Q

difference between capital and human workforce?

A

…robots have little error, as they are programmed to do a specific job.
…huge start up costs in terms of machinery.
… machines do not need breaks, whereas human’s do. therefore can produce more and become more efficient.

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28
Q

name the 3 main types of robots?

A

…beam transfer- picks up components.
… robotic arms (an arm that moves like a humans)- it is called an “end effector” - which can be changed to do different jobs.
…AGV (automated guided vehicles)- they are like fort lifts that carry heavy objects that human’s could not do.

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29
Q

from the main 3 types of robots, give uses for all 3?

A

..Beam transfer- Thornton’s factory- putting chocolate into boxes.
..robotic arm- car factory i.e. mini- as it does alot of different jobs.
..AGV- lego factory- efficient and easy to carry huge loads.

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30
Q

what are the 3 main ways to programme robots?

A

… teach pendant (remote control like, guides it)
… walk through (person operates it first, then programmed robot to do so).
… offline- put in a “VR” to see if it works correctly.

31
Q

name 4 benefits and cons of robots?

A

Benefits:
… carry heavy loads.
… saves cost in the long run.
… works 24/7, therefore produces more output.
… very accurate, whereas there could be human error otherwise.
… they can work in hazardous areas such as power plants.

Cons:
... expensive.
... employment issues.
... poor mobility and flexibility.
... limited degree of freedom.
32
Q

describe the 4 processes of a product life cycle?

A

…extracting raw materials i.e. oils or ore.
… manufacturing of the product- environmental impact, taking into consideration the energy used or material wastage.
… distribution- transporting product from place to place.
use of the product and it’s function.
packaging materials so its secure.
… 5 disposal- polymers took take hundreds of years to degrade.
cost and energy consumed recycling the materials.
taking into consideration how hard it is to dispose of electronical components.

33
Q

what is sustainability?

A

where the product meets the needs for the environment / how it interacts.

34
Q

name 4 products that are now more sustainable?

A

…LED light bulbs, they save cost and energy. Also, longer lasting.
… washing machines- they have reduced the amount of water consumed, and only uses one drum.
… Puma’s incycle collection- they reduce the amount of packaging used and recycle their products.
…Amazon- instead of using plastics now, they used cardboard as it is easier to recycle but also minimises the materials used.

35
Q

name 5 things to consider with sustainability?

A

…reduction in wastage.
…reduction in energy and cost.
… reduction in packaging.
… green design (reducing environmental issues).
…reduction on impact to society.
… reduce the product life cycle (Eco design).

36
Q

what is ergonomics?

A

how you interact with a product, how easy it is to use and how comfortable it is for the users.

37
Q

what is anthropmetrics?

A

measurements needs to make the product, uses 5-95%ile of all consumers.

38
Q

name 5 things in a modern TV and an old TV? in terms of materials and technology.

A

modern:
…LED screens.
uses plastic instead of metal, cheaper to process and lightweight.
… voice recognition. easier use.
…cheaper manufacturing costs, as reduced fastenings.
… more energy consumed in powering TV.
… reduction in materials used, as the electronic components such as the microchips have been reduced in size.
… easy to transport.

OLD TV:
…had a CRT screen (glass), harder to manufacturer and heavier.
…cost of manufacturing was more expensive.
… a lot harder to use in terms of use.
… worse quality picture.

39
Q

describe how a designer can use a “patent”?

A

… legal protection, against someone copying your ideas.
… gives you property ownership of the design and technology.
… can sell the product with the patent if someone wanted to buy it.
… can be really expensive to patent a product.
…gives you a stronger market position- reduce competition.
… positive image for your enterprise.
… can exploit your intervention commercially for a limited amount of time.

40
Q

how can product names be protected?

A

trade marks.

41
Q

for the following three, give what materials this would happen to? decay, corrode, and degrade.

A

decay=wood.
corrode=metal.
degrade=plastics.

42
Q

give 3 types of corrosion for metals?

A

..rust- the oxide layers get wet, then attacks each individual layer, making the material break down.
..electrochemical corrosion- a good example of this is a drinks can. small voltages or currents attack the metal, making it corrode over time.
.. chemicals such as acid (rain water)

43
Q

give 3 ways in which woods can decay?

A

…wet rot- water comes into the wood and swells the timber, then it dries up and breaks down over time.
… dry rot- funges attacks the wood, pulls moisture out of it and makes it break down overtime.
… insects/animals- i.e. wood worm (softwoods) and death wood bettle. (hard woods).

44
Q

name 5 ways in how to protect plastics?

A

UV preventation from outside, paints, laminating, spray painting, natural oxides.

45
Q

name 5 ways in how to protect metals?

A

electroplating (electricity, voltage in bath changes negative and plus points), natural barriers, powder coating, paints, anodising, oil based paitns and titanium coating.

46
Q

what is anodising?

A

used a lot for aluminium, it gives the metal another oxide layer which seals the lacquer.

47
Q

name 5 ways in how to protect woods?

A

oils, waxes, varnishes, laminating, paints etc.

48
Q

finishing processes of woods if you were making the product?

A 
... sand down.
...remove dust.
... protect product.
... seal knots.
... add finish.
49
Q

why do you laminate card/paper?

A

protects the natural layer.
better appearance.
makes the product become more durable and increases it’s strength.

50
Q

name 3 products where the aesthetics have played an important role in it’s success?

A

Iphone- use of materials/brand image- white headphones/ touchscreen.
…Mini car- shape/ chrome headlights.
… juice salife- aesthetic look is too a high standard, function was rubbish but was sold worldwide.

51
Q

when making a product, why does the designing of the design proposal make sure it is successful? (5 reasons)

A

…will create a variety of ideas that you can brainstorm to develop your product out further.
… can start making card models and CAD models to see what your development would look like, can easily rectify any problems.
… designs can be sent via email.
.. can put into VR.

52
Q

what to consider when doing a risk assessment (safety)?

A

…machines in use i.e. belt sander, have extraction on and wear appropriate equipment.
… controlled measures put into place.
… buttons to turn off machines immediately.
… it measures potential problems that could arise.

53
Q

what is investment casting? 4 processes.

A

…a wax pattern is produced to a high accuracy.
… it is then coated with a ceramic (clay) material, by dipping the wax pattern into the ceramic slip.
… it is then fired in a kiln. this bakes the clay hard and removes the wax.
… you are then left with the piece you can use as your product.

54
Q

with an “Iconic design” describe at least 4 criteria that could make it iconic?

A

… it sets a bench mark for other designs to follow, often copied by other designers. i.e. coke.
…a ground breaking design in terms of technology or manufacturing techniques. Iphone i.e. touchscreen.
… a design that inspired other designers.
… a design that immediately recognised by customers. i.e. Mini.
… a design that improves the past.

55
Q

give 6 reasons why you want/need a Patent?

A

…protect your designs/technology.
… legal protection against someone copying your ideas.
… strong market position- reduces competition.
… can sell the product with the patent if someone wants it.
…as a patent holder, you must allow the details of their invention to be made public. This encourages the state to build up a knowledge base and increase further development.
… gives you property ownership of that specific product.
… however, expensive to buy in the first place.
… if someone wants to steal your invention, can take them to court.

56
Q

which a product life cycle of a product (Sustainability) what are the 5 main stages?

A

….extraction of raw materials- ore or oils.
… manufacturing of the product- stock forms, cracking for oils into polymers or smelting ore into metal. packaging.
… distribution- fossil fuels used, energy consumed, transportation costs.
…

57
Q

what is the packaging directive called and what does it do?

A

packaging directive- helps to reduce materials used.

58
Q

what is the directive called in reducing electronical components?

A

electronical waste and disposal directive- helps to minimize the waste and material used.

59
Q

what are the three main types of robots and give a good example of where they are used?

A

…(AGV) automated guided vehicle- used in the lego factory carrying vas amounts of lego.
… Beam transfer- thornton’s factory.
… robotic arm- used in a car factory.

60
Q

give 4 benefits of using robots?

A

… can work 24/7. do not need breaks like human workforce.
… can work in hazardous areas i.e. nuclear.
… very accurate and efficient.
… quick processes.
… can carry very heavy loads (AGV).

61
Q

give 4 negatives of using robots?

A

… huge start up costs.
… takes time to programme.
… poor flexibility and mobility.
… employment issues.

62
Q

give 3 different parts of a robot?

A

…end effector- can be changed to do different jobs.
… beam transfer- pick up components.
… robotic arm.

63
Q

describe the 3 generations of robots?

A

first generation- pre set to do a specific job. (basic)
second generation- can detect faults and alerts a member of staff.
third generation- can detect the fault and change it itself.

64
Q

what are the 3 ways of programming robots?

A

…teach pendant- it’s like a remote control, it is showed what to do in the first place and then installs this movement to complete this job.
… walk through- a person will physically show the robot what to do, and then it will programme itself to do the same thing.
… offline- virtual reality taught. a human operates the robot from a computer and it teaches itself independently after.

65
Q

what ways can woods be attacked?

A

…decay- attacked by oxygen and water.
… wet rot- water attacks the wood and causes it to expand.
… dry rot- attacked by fungus.
… insects attacking the wood- wood worm and death watch bettle.

66
Q

name 5 things that can ensure making something accurate? (manufacturing)

A

… CNC- router or laser cutter.
… ICT.
… Automated checks- lasers or camera’s.
… CAM.
… QA/QC- checking the product is perfect after each stage, making sure you get the best out of a product.

67
Q

describe 5 ways how “ICT” in manufacturing can be used?

A 
Technology- CAD.
data checks.
barcodes.
email.
bluetooth.
stock checks.
68
Q

describe how mood boards can help you communicate your design ideas?

A

a collection of images/photos to show to your client the sorts of things you are considering.
… can look at style preferences and materials to use.

69
Q

describe how mock up designs can help you communicate your design ideas?

A 
...type of rough prototype.
... test ergonomics of the product.
... test proportions are correct.
... saves material cost.
... shows development of an idea.
70
Q

give 5 examples of design movements and a brief description?

A

art deco- patterns/shapes etc.
post war- very industrialized.
memphis- bright colours and intricate designs.
post modern- focus on aesthetic and ergonomics rather than the use.
Bauhouse- geometrical shapes, and form follows function.
twenty first century design- new technology etc.

71
Q

name 3 purposes of rendering?

A

….makes your design look realistic.
… can be done using CAD, on designs.
… shows finishings.
… shows the product in a more 3D perspective.
… shows the product from the light hitting it.
… shows to clients/manufactures what the product will be like.

72
Q

what is the “ELVD” directive and what is it used for?

A

end of life Vehicle directive. (ELVD). It encourages the reuse and recycling of waste from vehicles when they reach the end of its life. i.e. materials etc.

73
Q

name 5 products that are now more sustainable in the 21st century?

A 
light bulbs.
amazon- with their packaging.
Puma- with their packaging.
rechargable batteries.
computers/phones- energy save mode.
74
Q

name 3 safety legislation’s put into place?

A 
training.
guarding of machines.
emergency stop buttons.
extraction.- belt sanding.
risk assessments.

Product Design A2 (2 decks)

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