A2 approaches

Question 1

What did freud believe about our unconscious mind?

Answer 1

Freud believed that part of your brain is inaccessible to conscious thought.

He called bits you can’t interact with the preconscious and the unconscious.

He used an iceberg metaphor.

Question 2

What are a humans drives?

Answer 2

ID- pleasure, selfish, fear, anger, lust

EGO- logic, balance, compromise ,reason

SUPEREGO- morality, guilt, conscience

Question 3

What defence mechanisms do people use to defend against mental pain?

Answer 3

Repression- bottling it up

Denial- pretending there’s no problem

Displacement- talking it out on another, usually similar object/ person

Minimisation- telling yourself it’s not a big deal

Question 4

What are the psychosexual stages of development?

Answer 4

Oral -> mouth          ego forms
Anal -> faeces
Phallic -> masturbation      superego forms
Latent -> no sexual motivation
Genital -> sex

Question 5

What does the humanistic approach say about the other approaches?

Answer 5

Rejects them- they say we are “active agents in our own destiny” and have the power to determine our development. Rejects scientific approach and generalisation.

Question 6

What is Maslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 6

hierarchy of human needs
self actualisation = person’s motivation to reach their full potential (other groups must be achieved fist)(Einstein achieved this)

(bottom) = physiological - safety - love/belonging - esteem - self actualisation = (top)

Question 7

What was Roger’s client centered therapy?

Answer 7

Roger’s said that happiness depended on the congruence between ideal self and self concept.

• developed client centered therapy to address these issues
• therapist provides genuineness, empathy and unconditional + regard
• it’s believed UPR is missing in childhood for mental health issues
• some parents set unrealistic conditions of worth instead of showing UPR

Question 8

What is ideal self?

Answer 8

Imagine you’re successful in everything you plan to do in the next 2 years.
-what qualities do you have?
-what would people say about you
Roger’s called this “ideal self”

Question 9

What is self concept?

Answer 9

Imagine yourself as you are from someone else’s perspective:
-what qualities would they see
Roger’s called this “self concept”