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Biology IB > A1.2- Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

A1.2- Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of nucleic acids

A

Chains of repeating monomers called nucleotides

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids in living organisms?

A
  1. DNA
  2. RNA
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3
Q

DNA stands for…

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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4
Q

RNA stands for…

A

Ribonucleic acid

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5
Q

What are the 3 components of DNA and RNA nucleiotides

A
  1. Pentose sugar
  2. Nitrogenous base
  3. Phosphate group
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6
Q

Nucleotide units link together through…

A

A covalent bond to form a single strand of DNA and RNA

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7
Q

What are the 5 types of nitrogenous bases?

A
  1. Guanine
  2. Adenine
  3. Thymine
  4. Cytosine
  5. Uracil
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8
Q

Bases can be divided into 2 categories, what are they?

A

Purines, pyrimidines

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9
Q

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

A

Purines have 2 rings in their structure, pyrimidines have 1 ring

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10
Q

List the pyrimidines

A
  1. Thymine
  2. Uracil
  3. Cytosine
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11
Q

List the purines

A
  1. Guanine
  2. Adenine
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12
Q

Double-stranded DNA molecules are linked together by…

A

Complementary base pairing

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13
Q

Adenine binds with…

A

Thymine

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14
Q

Guanine binds with…

A

Cytosine

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15
Q

Why is complementary base pairing so important?

A

It stabilizes the double helix structure of DNA

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16
Q

The strands in DNA go in different directions, what is that called?

A

Anti-parallel (5’ to 3’ , 3’ to 5’)

17
Q

What is the role of complementary base pairing?

A

Maintaining the base sequence during copying

18
Q

What is the main function of DNA?

A

Code for proteins

19
Q

Definition of replication

A

Copying of DNA to create a new DNA molecule

20
Q

Definition of transcription

A

Process in which the DNA is used as a template to produce RNA

21
Q

Definition of translation

A

Process in which the transcribed RNA is translated by the ribosomes to produce proteins

22
Q

Pyrimidine always pairs with…

A

A purine

23
Q

Thymine pairs with…

A

Adenine

24
Q

Cytosine pairs with…

A

Guanine

25
Q

What did the ‘Hershey Chase Experiment’ convince?

A

That it was DNA, not protein that made up genetic material

26
Q

What did the ‘Hershey-Chase Experiment’ convince?

A

That it was DNA, not protein that made up genetic material

27
Q

What was used in the ‘Hershey-Chase’ experiment?

A
  1. T2 Bacteriophage
  2. Radioactive phosphorous and sulfur (to label the DNA and protein in the virus)
28
Q

What did ‘Chargaff’s data’ show?

A

That…
Amount of adenine = amount of thymine
Amount of cytosine = amount of guanine

Biology IB (3 decks)

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