A106 Organic and Inorganic chemistry

Question 1

What are group I elements called

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 1

What are group II elements called

Answer 1

Alkali earth metals

Question 2

What are group III to group XII elements called?

Answer 2

Transition metals

Question 3

What are group 17 elements called?

Answer 3

Halogens

Question 4

What are group 18 elements called?

Answer 4

Nobel gas

Question 5

What is 1st ionisation?

Answer 5

It is the energy required to remove one electron from a neutron atom in its gaseous state to form a positively charged ion (Cation)

Question 6

What is electronegativity?

Answer 6

It is the ability to form an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond

Question 7

What is standard electrode potential?

Answer 7

It is a measure of the tendency of an electrode to gain electrons and undergo reduction

Question 8

What does positive electrode potential mean?

Answer 8

Elements with positive electrode potential tend to gain electrons and be reduced.

It is more easily oxidised and acts as an oxidising agent

Question 9

What does a negative electrode potential mean?

Answer 9

Elements with negative electrode potential tend to gain electrons and be oxidised.

It is more easily reduced and acts as a reducing agent

Question 10

What is the trend for atomic radius across the period? and why?

Answer 10

Decrease

Because: Radius size increase
more proton, more attraction

Question 11

What is the trend for ionic radius across the period? and why?

Answer 11

Decrease

Because: When atom loses electron to form cation, it is more strongly attracted, forming smaller atoms

When atom gains electron to form anion, electron repels other electrons (outer most shall), forming larger atom

Question 12

What is the trend for atomic radius down the group? and why?

Answer 12

Increase

because: More electron, bigger radius (more filled outer most shall), thus radius increase

Question 13

What is the trend of 1st ionisation across a period? and why?

Answer 13

Increase

Because: Number of protons in the nucleus increase, stronger nuclear charge

Question 14

What is the trend for ionic radius down the group? and why?

Answer 14

Increase

Because: More electron, bigger the radius (more filled outer most shall), thus radius increase

Question 15

What is the trend of electronegativity across a period? and why?

Answer 15

Increase

Because: Greater nuclear charge, smaller covalent radius (like atomic radius), allowing the nucleus to attract the bonding electrons more strongly

Question 16

What is the trend of 1st ionisation down the group? and why?

Answer 16

Decrease

Because: Outer most electron lies further from the nucles, which experiences more repulsion, weaker attraction to the nucleus, lesser energy required to remove them.

More shielding effects

Question 17

What is the trend of electronegativity down a group? and why?

Answer 17

Decrease

because: Atom increase in size, greater number of energy levels / shells

Extra energy levels and increased radius keeps bonding of electron further away from nucleus

Atom further down the group have lesser attraction for binding electrons

Question 18

What is the value that the standard electrode potential must be lower than, in order for the element to be highly reactive with cold water?

Answer 18

-2.37V

Question 19

What is charge density?

Answer 19

it is the distribution of electric charge within a molecule or ion

Question 20

What does a low charge density mean?

Answer 20

Strong polarising power, splits carbonate into CO2 and O2-

Question 21

What does low charge density means?

Answer 21

Weak polarising power, more thermally stable

Question 22

What are the characteristics of Mg(OH2)?

Answer 22

Insoluble in water
White precipitate

Question 23

What are the characteristics of Ca(OH)2

Answer 23

Reasonably soluble in water
Cloudy or milky due to part of undissolved particles

Question 24

What are the physical properties of group 2 elements

Answer 24

• Soft silver metals, but harder than group I metals
• hydroxides are soluble down the group (except for MgOH2 and CaOH2
• Carbonates are more thermally stable down the group

Question 25

What are the chemical properties of group 2 elements

Answer 25

• reactivity increases down the group
• Reducing agent properties increases down the group