A1 Physical Development Across the Life Stages

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

an increased a measured quantity like wight and height

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

increase/gaining of skills, abilities and capabilities

Question 3

The life stages

Answer 3

0-2 - birth-infancy
3-8 - early childhood
9-18 - adolescence
19-45 - early adulthood
46-65 - adulthood
65+ - later adulthood

Question 4

Principles of Growth

Answer 4

• continuous rate and not smooth

•rapid growth in infancy and puberty

•growth measurements help a health visitor monitor a child’s health and development and can identify issues like being under or over weight and growing too slowly

Question 5

Principles of development

Answer 5

Head to toe - head, control body, sit, legs + feet, crawl

inside to outside - control movements are n arms legs finally small muscles in fingers

same sequence but different rates

Holistically - areas of development dependent in and influence each other. development happens in the same sequence but at different rates.

journey of key milestones

Question 6

Physical development in infancy

Question 7

gross motor skills

Answer 7

large movements using large muscles of the body required for mobility

Question 8

fine motor skills

Answer 8

small movements requiring precise direction, using smaller muscles like the fingers

Question 9

development in infancy

Answer 9

gross motor skills begin to develop as soon as birth. needed for playing, walking etc

fine motor skulls all infants to pick things up with fingers and thumb (holding a pencil, small toy, getting dressed)

Question 10

Adolescence

Answer 10

status change following the onset of puberty when a young person develops from a child into a young adult

Question 11

Primary sexual characteristics

Answer 11

change and development of reproductive organs

Question 12

Secondary sexual development

Answer 12

outward signs of development from a child into man or woman

Question 13

puberty

Answer 13

period of rapid growth where young people reach sexual maturity and biologically able to reproduce and develop secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 14

hormones

Answer 14

• chemical substances produced in the body and transported in the blood stream which controls/ regulates body’s cells or organs.

• tge pituitary gland controls release of sex hormones. controls public and scullery hair growth and egg and sperm production

• hormone levels go up and down = mode swings

Question 15

Primary sexual characteristics in men and women

Answer 15

testes produce sperm and testosterone

ovaries produce eggs and progesterone and oestrogen

Question 16

Secondary sexual characteristics in men

Answer 16

• pubic, facial and armpit hair
• larynx grows = deeper voice
• redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
• muscle mass and bone density increased due to testosterone
• increased sweat gland activity

Question 17

secondary sexual characteristics in women

Answer 17

• pubic, armpit hair
• breast development - growth of mammory glands
• wider hips for childbirth
• ovaries begin to release eggs and the menstrual cycle begins

Question 18

what age do girls usually start puberty?

Answer 18

11-13

Question 19

what age do boys usually start puberty?

Answer 19

13-15

Question 20

what age is the peak of physical performance

Answer 20

19-28

Question 21

what happens when physical strength peaks?

Answer 21

• full height and strength reached
• reaction time at its peak
• manual dexterity (flexibility) at its peak

Question 22

what age do physical capabilities have a noticeable decline?

Answer 22

around 45 (highly noticeable if they have an unhealthy lifestyle)

Question 23

what happens in the first trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 23

• nausea
• Hormonal Shifts: Rising levels of estrogen, progesterone, and hCG can cause nausea, fatigue, and mood swings.
• Morning Sickness: Commonly begins during this trimester, triggered by hormonal changes.
• Breast Changes: Tenderness, swelling, and darkening of the areolas occur as the body prepares for lactation. mammary glands enlarge
• Increased Blood Volume: Supports the developing placenta and fetus.
• gain 1-2kg (placenta,breasts,uterus,extra blood)

Question 24

what happens in the second trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 24

• Baby movement around 20 weeks
• skin on the stomach mate itch and gain stretch marks
• Hormones stabilize, leading to reduced nausea and fatigue
• Weight Gain: Weight gain becomes more noticeable as the baby grows. Most women gain about 1–2 pounds per week.
• Baby Bump: The uterus expands, and the abdomen begins to show.
• Many women feel more energetic compared to the first trimester.
• Breasts enlarge further
• mood swings
•constipation

Question 25

What are developmental norms?

Answer 25

expected rate of growth and development (milestones)

Question 26

What happens in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

Answer 26

Increased urination
Breasts start to produce milk
Breasts swell
Hands and feet swell

Question 27

what is perimenopause?

Answer 27

40+ the hormonal transition that occurs before menopause, when your ovaries gradually stop working and your body’s production of estrogen and progesterone decreases. usually lasts around 4 years

Question 28

what is menopause?

Answer 28

the ending of female fertility and menstrual cycle.

Question 29

when are women most fertile?

Answer 29

late teens and early twenties

Question 30

what happens if a woman tries to get pregnant in middle adulthood?

Answer 30

risks of miscarriages and pregnancy complications. this risk rises with age