A1- Physical development across life stages Flashcards
what is the age range for infancy?
0-2 years
what is the age range for early childhood?
3-8 years
what is the age range for adolescence?
9-18 years
what is the age range for early adulthood?
19-45 years
what is the age range for middle adulthood?
46-65 years
what is the age range for late adulthood?
65+ years
what is the definition for growth?
a change in physical size and weight, the skeleton, muscles and the brain
what is the definition for development?
the increasing acquisition of new skills and knowledge
what are percentile charts?
Graphs used to monitor children’s growth patterns
who uses a percentile graph?
primarily a health visitor and doctors as well as other professionals
why are percentile graphs used?
to assess whether a child is developing normally for their age range and to investigate why they are not
what are the 4 areas of development?
Physical, intellectual, emotional , social (PIES)
what are the 4 areas of development?
Physical, intellectual, emotional, social (PIES)
what is gross motor development?
large movement of the limbs
what is an example of gross motor development?
a child running
what is fine motor development?
fine manipulation of the fingers developing hand eye coordination
what is an example of fine motor development?
drawing
what age range does puberty start in girls?
11-13 years
what age range does puberty start in boys?
13-15 years
what is puberty’s purpose?
prepares the body for sexual reproduction
what are the primary sexual characteristics for girls?
the uterus enlarges and vagina lengthens
the ovaries release eggs
the menstrual cycle starts
what are the primary sexual characteristics for boys?
penis and testes enlarge
spontaneous erections
testicles produce sperm
what are the secondary sexual characteristics for girls?
breasts develop and areola darkens
hair grows in armpits and pubic area
redistribution of fat causing hips to widen
what are the secondary sexual characteristics for boys?
changes in larynx causes voice to deepen
hair grows in armpits, pubic area and face
redistribution of muscle and fat
what happens to the body in early adulthood?
physical health peaks around 19-28 years because full height and strength has been reached.
what happens to the body in early adulthood after age 28?
decline in physical capabilities are seen at the end of this stage if diet is unhealthy and no exercise take place
what hormones increase during pregnancy?
increase in progesterone which maintains the pregnancy.
what changes happen to a woman’s body?
breasts have darkened veins due to increased blood supply. Nipples and areolas become more sensitive and tender preparing for milk production
what is perimenopause?
The ovaries make less oestrogen therefore the eggs slowly stop producing eggs
when does permonopause happen?
in early adulthood in the 40s
what are the symptoms of perimenopause?
hot flushes and night sweats
sore breasts
lower sex drive
irregular or heavy periods
mood swings
vaginal dryness
urine leaking when coughing or sneezing
more frequent urinations
what is the menopause?
when a woman is no longer able to produce eggs
what age does menopause happen?
45-55 years
what are symptoms of menopause?
no more periods
hot flushes and night sweats
less oestragen and progesterone
lower sexual interest
possible osteoporosis
what are the effects of aging?
increased weight
skin loses elasticity
grey hair
hair loss
what deterioration of health happens when you are 65+?
decrease in height from compression of spinal discs
increased risk of organ failure
increased risk of heart disease
strength and muscle loss
reduced stamina
less mobility and dexterity
slower reactions
visual and hearing problems
What happens during perimenopause?
-Oestrogen reduces,
-menstruation becomes less frequent
- ovulation is irregular
