a01

Question 1

assumptions of biological approach

Answer 1

suggests everything that psychological is at first biological
to fully understand human behaviour, must look to biological structures within the body
GNN genes, neurontransmitters, nervous system
biological perspective is that the mind lives in the brain-all thoughts and feelings have physical basis
so in contrast with cognitive approach

Question 2

neurochemity

Answer 2

study of chemical processes which take place in nervous sytem
the bodys chemical messengers-neurontrasnmitters

Question 3

2 neurontransmitters

Answer 3

excitatory-stimulate brain into action
e.g doapmine associated with pleasure iplicated in addicive behaviours e.g smoking
inhibitory-calms brain and balances mood
e.g serotonin which has wide ranging effects implicated in behaviours including sleep
as well as psychological disorders e.g anarexia

Question 4

genetic basis of behaviour

Answer 4

used to quantify genetic or biological basis of a certain charctersitci
e.g IQ has herability coefficent of 0.5 so influne of genetics (nature ) and enviorment nurture are equal

Question 5

family studies

Answer 5

first degree relatives share 50% oof same genes
second degreee relatives share apprxiametly 25% of same gens

Question 6

twin studies

Answer 6

establish gentic links by comparing difference in concordance rate(likehooid of both twins sharing same charcteristic)
identical twins are monozygotic
non-identical twins are dizygotic
monozygotic twins have 100% identical genes
DZ twins share 50% same gens
concordance rate higher for MZ thenDZ as genetically identical

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

individuals genetic make up, occurs conception and provides genetic code for how that individual will develop
dictates characteristic such as hair and eye colour

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

product of what happens when genotype interacts with environment
dictates charactersitics e.g height
enviromental factors e.g nuturiton

Question 9

nfluence of biolgoical structures (lobes)

Answer 9

cerebrul-largest part of brain with 85% of total masss of brain
split into two halves (hemispheres)
each hemisphere further divided into 4 diffreent parts (lobes)

Question 10

what are the 4 lobes

Answer 10

frontal-thinking, short term memory
temporal-memories
parietal-touch, smell, taste
occipital-visual acitivity

Question 11

case study of Phineas Gage

Answer 11

wroked in railroads
had incident where long steel bar went though his brain and skull
showed little intellectual impariment
he survived but found changes in his personality
be became short tempered and foul mouthed and angry
it was shown that the damage was in his frontal lobes these are implicated in control of behaviour, specifically anger/agression

Question 12

case of HM

Answer 12

had undergone surgery for epilepsy
where hippocampus was removed
he called remember everything short term but nothing long term and even forgot long term memories before incident too
could no longer form new memories