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AP GOV POL > A-Z Vocab > Flashcards

A-Z Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Ayatollah Komeini

A

Leader of Islamic Revolution

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2
Q

Asymmetrical federalism

A

Type of federalism practiced in Russia - each region is bound to the state through treaties that are different from each other

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3
Q

Assembly of Religious Experts

A

86 member religious body in Iran that has the power to select and remove Supreme Leader

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4
Q

Austerity

A

Tightening the economic belt in a country

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5
Q

Boko Haram

A

Muslim terrorist group in Nigeria

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6
Q

Bureaucrats

A

Unelected officials in government who carry out the day to day business

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7
Q

Basij

A

Volunteer army in Iran/mortality police

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8
Q

Bicameral

A

Legislature with two houses

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9
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Structural organization charged with carrying out the polices determined by those with political authority

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10
Q

Coinciding cleavages

A

When two groups disagree on everything

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11
Q

Cross cutting cleavages

A

When two groups disagree on somethings but agree on others

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12
Q

Chechyna

A

Muslim region of Russia that has wished to secede

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13
Q

Chiapas

A

Southern Region of Mexico that has rebelled against NAFTA

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14
Q

Civil Society

A

Ability to organize, join groups without interference from government

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15
Q

Cultural revolution

A

Iran and China both experienced this when getting rid of the old regimes

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16
Q

Deng Xiaopint

A

Chinese leader who introduced market socialism and the one child policy

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17
Q

Democratic Civilization

A

In Communist parties within the party - selecting leaders for above/supervising below, discussion can happen at all levels but once the decision has been made all must fall in line

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18
Q

Devolution

A

Decentralizing government in a unitary system

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19
Q

Ejidos

A

Land plots in Mexico that give farmers the right to farm land/can be passed down and recently have the right to sell

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20
Q

Efficacy

A

Level to which citizens feel like their voice will be heard/vote counts

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21
Q

Expediency Council

A

Group in Iran set up to settle disputes between legislature and guardian council

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22
Q

Free and fair

A

Competitive elections that are absent of fraud, everyone is allowed to vote

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23
Q

Factions

A

Reforms and Conservatives in Iran are examples of these

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24
Q

Federalist

A

Mexico, Russia and Nigeria are all this type of state

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25
Q

Foreign direct investment

A

Putting money into businesses or factories in another country

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26
Q

Gini Coefficient

A

Measures inequality in a country

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27
Q

Gorbachev

A

Leader of Russia who tried to reform USSR but instead saw its dissolution

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28
Q

Guardian Council

A

Group in Iran responsible for vetting candidates

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29
Q

Glasnost

A

Policy of openness in Russia under Gorbachev

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30
Q

Guanxi

A

Having good business relations in China… It’s not always what you know but who you know

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31
Q

Household Responsibility Syste

A

New way of working farmland after the communes in China

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32
Q

Hukuo

A

Household residency permit in China, used as a form of social control

33
Q

Inquisitorial

A

Type of court system where you do not have a lawyer arguing for you
you may even be found guilty before entering the court room
high conviction rates

34
Q

Iron Rice Bowl

A

Cradle to grave benefits that were promised to Chinese citizens during the Maoist era

35
Q

Import Substitution

A

Mexico used this to break away from other countries who had an economic foothold in Mexico. It involves the sue of subsidizing resources to companies and discouraging imports through the use of high tariffs and quotas

36
Q

Jurist guardianship

A

Khomeini’s concept that the Iranian clergy should rule on the grounds that they are the divinely appointed guardians of both the rule of law and the people

37
Q

Khordokovsky

A

One of the oligarchs imprisoned in Russia because of his perceived threat to the government

38
Q

Keynesian

A

Named after a British economist, this policy strives for full employment and may use the stimulus packages to keep the economy moving

39
Q

Law Lords

A

Before the Supreme Court in Britian was formed this group served as the highest court in the land

40
Q

Legitimacy

A

Right to rule as determined by the citizens

41
Q

Majles

A

Legislature in Iran

42
Q

Monetarism

A

Economic policy used by Margaret Thatcher which stated that there was a natural rate of unemployment

43
Q

Neoliberalism

A

Economic policy that supports privatization and marketization

44
Q

Nigeria

A

This country was ravaged by many coups

45
Q

NAFTA

A

This agreement set of Chipas Rebellion in 1994

46
Q

Nashi

A

Russian youth group very loyal to Putin

47
Q

Nationalization

A

Government ownership of resources

48
Q

Obasanjo

A

Tried to change the constitution so that he could serve another term, when this failed he named himself chairman of the PDP for life and tried to rig the election

49
Q

Obrador

A

After losing the 2006 election by the narrowest of margins, he declared himself to be the real president of Mexico

50
Q

Oligarchs

A

Wealthy men who had great influence on Russia’s government under Yeltsin

51
Q

PRI, PAN, PRD

A

Three major political parties in Mexico

52
Q

Prebendalism

A

Type of patron-clientism system in Nigeria

53
Q

Parastala

A

PEMEX is the largest of these in Mexico

54
Q

PR

A

Voting system in which parties decide on who will be seated and the number of seats are distributed according to the percentage of votes

55
Q

Perestrokia

A

Policy of restructuring the economic system Gorbachev

56
Q

Pussy Riot

A

Dissident Punk Rock band in Russia

57
Q

Power vertical

A

Putins system of centralizing Power

58
Q

Pact for Mexico

A

Enrique Pena Nieto south to being all 3 major parties in Mexico together to work on reforms

59
Q

Porfirio Diaz

A

The overthrow of this dictator in Mexico set off the Mexican revolution

60
Q

Parliamentary sovereignty

A

Legislative authority to pass laws in Britian, no real judicial review

61
Q

Quangos

A

These are non-elect bodies outside the traditional British government that have considerable influence over public policy in areas such as education, health care and housing

62
Q

Revolution

A

For this to happen, some perceived wrong has to be committed

63
Q

Regime

A

Laws and norms of a state - system of governance

64
Q

Rentier State

A

Type of state that relies on the export of oil or other natural resources

65
Q

Revolution of rising expectations

A

In Iran this was expemplified by the drop in oil prices and rise in consumer goods - it sparked the Iranian revolutio

66
Q

Super districts

A

Putin created seven of these to oversee the individual regions of Russia

67
Q

Standing Committee

A

High level of decision making by 7-9 people in China takes place in this body

68
Q

Theocracy

A

Type of government system in Iran

69
Q

Unitary

A

Iran, China and Britain are all this type of state

70
Q

Unicameral

A

Iran and China have this type of legislature

71
Q

Vanguard

A

Political party that claims to operate in the “true” interests of the group it purports to represent, even if this understanding doesn’t correspond to the expressed interest of the group itself

72
Q

Villages

A

Only place in China to have real elections

73
Q

Vladimir

A

Lenin and Putin

74
Q

Welfare state

A

Set of public policies designed to proved for citizens’ needs through direct or indirect provisions of pensions, healthcarem unemployment insurance and assistance to the poor

75
Q

Westminister

A

Model of parliamentary democracy

76
Q

Xinjiang

A

Region of China where Muslim Uyghers live

77
Q

Xi Jingping

A

New general secretary/president of China

78
Q

Yaobang

A

His death was a spark that led to the Tiananmen square incident

79
Q

Zapatistas

A

Group of rebels led by Subcommandante Marcos

AP GOV POL (5 decks)

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