A/protic Solvents, Leaving Groups, Nucleophiles Flashcards by S J

Q

Water H-O-H (solvent)

A

Protic solvent

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Q

Methanol CH3-H

A

Protic solvent

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Q

Ethanol -OH

A

Protic solvent

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Q

Ammonia NH3

A

Protic solvent

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Q

Acetic Acid O=C-OH

A

Protic solvent

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Q

Acetone C-C=O

A

Aprotic solvent

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Q

Dimethilyformamide (DMF)

A

Aprotic solvent

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Q

Hexamethyl-phosphoramide (HMPA)

A

Aprotic solvent

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Q

Dimethylsulfozide (DMSO)

A

Aprotic solvent

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Q

Acetonitrile H3C-C-=N

A

Aprotic solvent

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Q

tetrahydrofuran (THF)

A

Aprotic solvent

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Q

Triflate (OTF)

A

Good Leaving Group

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Q

mesylate (OMS)

A

Good Leaving Group

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Q

tosylate (OTS)

A

Good Leaving Group

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Q

Iodide (I)

A

Good Leaving Group

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Q

Bromide (Br)

A

Good Leaving Group

Q

Chloride (Cl)

A

Good Leaving Group

Q

Protonated water (R-OH2)

A

Good Leaving Group

Q

O-H

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

R-O

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

N-H2

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

SH

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

CN

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

SCN

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

OAc

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

SR

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

I [nuc]

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

Br [nuc]

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

Cl [nuc]

A

Strong Nucleophile

Q

H-O-H (water)

nucleophile

A

Weak Nucleophile

Q

R-O-H (alcohol)

A

Weak Nucleophile

Q

N-H3 (ammonia) [nuc]

A

Weak Nucleophile

Q

What makes a strong nucleophile?

A

negative charge, less stable

Q

What makes a weak nucleophile?

A

no charge, more stable