A & P - Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 classifications of tissue in the eye

A
  • Epithelial
  • Smooth
  • Connective
  • Nervous
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2
Q

Types of epithelial based on CELL LAYERS

A

Simple: single layer of cells
Stratified: 2 or more layers of cells
Pseudostratified: single layer that looks like more than one

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3
Q

Types of epithelial based on SHAPE

A

Squamos: extremely thin cells like resemble the scales of fish (flat cells)
Cuboidal: cells like appear square in cross-section but are marginally longer than they are wide (cube shaped)
Columnar: elongated cells involved in absorption of materials (column shaped)

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4
Q

Ground Substance for cartilage, bone, and blood

A

Cartilage: carbohydrates and proteins
Bone: collagen and elastic fibers
Blood: plasma

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5
Q

Cells found in bones

A

Osteocytes

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6
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Erythrocytes - carry oxygen

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7
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Leukocytes - engulf foreign substances like plaque + bacteria

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8
Q

Multinucleated? Single Nucleus?

A

Voluntary (skeletal) = multinucleated
Cardiac (heart) = single nucleus

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9
Q
  • Striated
  • Multinucleated
  • The ability to increase in strength
  • control of body movement
  • involuntary
A

Voluntary (skeletal)

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10
Q
  • Striated
  • single nucleus
  • branched
  • only found in heart
A

Cardiac (heart)

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11
Q
  • Squamous
  • small, not striated
  • designed for slow sustained contractions
  • involuntary
  • found in respiratory tract, digestive system, ciliary muscles of the eye
  • respond to emotional reactions
  • controls the autonomic functions
A

Smooth Muscle

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12
Q

Nervous tissue consists of?

A

Nerve cells and glial cells, which help transmit nerve impulses

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13
Q

Central Nervous System is formed by?

A

The spinal cord and brain

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14
Q

How many rods and cones are in the retina?

A

120 million rods and 6-7 million cones

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15
Q

What receives sensory input?

A

Dendrites

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16
Q

2 types of input

A

Excitatory - physical input to a neuron that signals it to the retina (sends message)
Inhibitory - input that makes neuron less likely to generate an action potential (does not send message)

17
Q

Axon Terminal

A

the space between the axon and the dendrite is called the synapse or synaptic cleft

18
Q

What are ligaments and tendons?

A

Tendons - connect muscle to bone
Ligaments - connect bone to bone

19
Q

Main function of sclera

A

protect and/or support the eye

20
Q

Types of cells found in bone and blood

A

bone - osteocytes
blood - red blood cells and white blood cells

21
Q

Facts about Cartilage

A
  1. supports the body structures that are flexible
  2. ground substance of cartilage = carbohydrates and proteins
  3. chondrocytes are the cells in the cartilage
22
Q

How much of the sclera covers the posterior globe?

23
Q

Thickness of the sclera towards the back

A

thicker, 1mm

24
Q

The anterior portion of the sclera is covered by?

A

conjunctiva

25
Tenon's Capsule is also known as...
Bulbar Sheath
26
Tenon's Capsule
wraps the outer surface of the eyeball from the optic nerve to the corneal limbus
27
Shape of the Tenon's Capsule
like a sling
28
Lamina Cribrosa?
crosshatching network of collagen fibers that support the optic nerve fibers
29
Scleral Spur?
ridge of the sclera from which ciliary muscle fibers start
30
Pinguecula
small patch of yellow tissue that bulgees out of the conjunctiva
31
Pterygium
larger, wedge-shaped growth that can expand to the cornea and block vision
32
Nevus
brown spot and/or freckles on the eye
33
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
broken blood vessel that has leaked between the sclera and the conjunctiva just underneath the white of your eye