A & P - Unit 2

Question 1

4 classifications of tissue in the eye

Answer 1

• Epithelial
• Smooth
• Connective
• Nervous

Question 2

Types of epithelial based on CELL LAYERS

Answer 2

Simple: single layer of cells
Stratified: 2 or more layers of cells
Pseudostratified: single layer that looks like more than one

Question 3

Types of epithelial based on SHAPE

Answer 3

Squamos: extremely thin cells like resemble the scales of fish (flat cells)
Cuboidal: cells like appear square in cross-section but are marginally longer than they are wide (cube shaped)
Columnar: elongated cells involved in absorption of materials (column shaped)

Question 4

Ground Substance for cartilage, bone, and blood

Answer 4

Cartilage: carbohydrates and proteins
Bone: collagen and elastic fibers
Blood: plasma

Question 5

Cells found in bones

Answer 5

Osteocytes

Question 6

Red Blood Cells

Answer 6

Erythrocytes - carry oxygen

Question 7

White Blood Cells

Answer 7

Leukocytes - engulf foreign substances like plaque + bacteria

Question 8

Multinucleated? Single Nucleus?

Answer 8

Voluntary (skeletal) = multinucleated
Cardiac (heart) = single nucleus

Question 9

• Striated
• Multinucleated
• The ability to increase in strength
• control of body movement
• involuntary

Answer 9

Voluntary (skeletal)

Question 10

• Striated
• single nucleus
• branched
• only found in heart

Answer 10

Cardiac (heart)

Question 11

• Squamous
• small, not striated
• designed for slow sustained contractions
• involuntary
• found in respiratory tract, digestive system, ciliary muscles of the eye
• respond to emotional reactions
• controls the autonomic functions

Answer 11

Smooth Muscle

Question 12

Nervous tissue consists of?

Answer 12

Nerve cells and glial cells, which help transmit nerve impulses

Question 13

Central Nervous System is formed by?

Answer 13

The spinal cord and brain

Question 14

How many rods and cones are in the retina?

Answer 14

120 million rods and 6-7 million cones

Question 15

What receives sensory input?

Answer 15

Dendrites

Question 16

2 types of input

Answer 16

Excitatory - physical input to a neuron that signals it to the retina (sends message)
Inhibitory - input that makes neuron less likely to generate an action potential (does not send message)

Question 17

Axon Terminal

Answer 17

the space between the axon and the dendrite is called the synapse or synaptic cleft

Question 18

What are ligaments and tendons?

Answer 18

Tendons - connect muscle to bone
Ligaments - connect bone to bone

Question 19

Main function of sclera

Answer 19

protect and/or support the eye

Question 20

Types of cells found in bone and blood

Answer 20

bone - osteocytes
blood - red blood cells and white blood cells

Question 21

Facts about Cartilage

Answer 21

1. supports the body structures that are flexible
2. ground substance of cartilage = carbohydrates and proteins
3. chondrocytes are the cells in the cartilage

Question 22

How much of the sclera covers the posterior globe?

Answer 22

5/6ths

Question 23

Thickness of the sclera towards the back

Answer 23

thicker, 1mm

Question 24

The anterior portion of the sclera is covered by?

Answer 24

conjunctiva

Question 25

Tenon’s Capsule is also known as…

Answer 25

Bulbar Sheath

Question 26

Tenon’s Capsule

Answer 26

wraps the outer surface of the eyeball from the optic nerve to the corneal limbus

Question 27

Shape of the Tenon’s Capsule

Answer 27

like a sling

Question 28

Lamina Cribrosa?

Answer 28

crosshatching network of collagen fibers that support the optic nerve fibers

Question 29

Scleral Spur?

Answer 29

ridge of the sclera from which ciliary muscle fibers start

Question 30

Pinguecula

Answer 30

small patch of yellow tissue that bulgees out of the conjunctiva

Question 31

Pterygium

Answer 31

larger, wedge-shaped growth that can expand to the cornea and block vision

Question 32

Nevus

Answer 32

brown spot and/or freckles on the eye

Question 33

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 33

broken blood vessel that has leaked between the sclera and the conjunctiva just underneath the white of your eye