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Board Review > A&P Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

A&P Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Because they contain both sensory and motor axons, spinal nerves are considered to be _____ nerves.

A

mixed

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2
Q

The five components of a reflex arc, in order from the beginning to the end, are (1) _____, (2) _____, (3) _____, (4) _____, and (5) _____.

A

sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, effector

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3
Q

T/F: Gray matter of the spinal cord contains somatic motor and sensory nuclei, autonomic motor and sensory nuclei, and functions to receive and integrate both incoming and outgoing information.

A

true

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4
Q

T/F: The epidural space is located between the wall of the vertebral canal and the pia mater.

A

false

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5
Q

receptors that monitor changes in muscle length

A

muscle spindles

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6
Q

a balance-maintaining reflex

A

crossed-extensor reflex

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7
Q

operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation when muscle force becomes too extreme

A

tendon reflex

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8
Q

reflex arc that consists of one sensory and one motor neuron

A

monosynaptic reflex

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9
Q

acts as a feedback mechanism to control muscle length by causing muscle contraction

A

stretch reflex

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10
Q

sensory impulses enter on one side of the spinal cord and motor impulses exit on the opposite side

A

contralateral reflex arc

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11
Q

sensory impulses enter on one side of the spinal cord and motor impulses exit on the opposite side

A

contralateral reflex arc

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12
Q

Occurs when sensory nerve impulse travels up and down the spinal cord, thereby activating several motor neurons and more than one effector

A

intersegmental reflex arc

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13
Q

polysynaptic reflex initiated in response to a painful stimulus

A

flexor (withdrawal) reflex

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14
Q

receptors that monitor changes in muscle tension

A

tendon (golgi tendon) organs

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15
Q

maintains proper muscle tone

A

stretch reflex

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16
Q

reflex pathway that contains
sensory neurons, interneurons,
and motor neurons

A

polysynaptic reflex

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17
Q

motor nerve impulses exit the spinal cord on the same side that sensory impulses entered the spinal cord

A

ipsilateral reflex arc

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18
Q

protects the tendon and muscle from damage due to excessive tension

A

tendon reflex

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19
Q

a neural circuit that coordinates body movements by causing contraction of one muscle and relaxation of antagonistic muscles or relaxation of a muscle and contraction of the antagonists

A

reciprocal innervation

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20
Q

the joining together of the anterior rami of adjacent nerves

A

plexus

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21
Q

spinal nerve branches that serve the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk

A

posterior (dorsal) ramus

22
Q

spinal nerve branches that

serve the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk

A

posterior (dorsal) ramus

23
Q

spinal nerve branches that serve the muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs and the lateral and ventral trunk

A

anterior (ventral) ramus

24
Q

area of the spinal cord from

which nerves to and from the upper limbs arise

A

cervical enlargement

25
Q

area of the spinal cord from

which nerves to and from the lower limbs arise

A

lumbar enlargement

26
Q

the roots form the nerves that
arise from the inferior part of the spinal cord but do not leave the vertebral column at the same level as they exit the cord

A

cauda equina

27
Q

contains motor neuron axons and conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the peripheral organs and cells

A

anterior (ventral) root

28
Q

avascular covering of spinal cord composed of delicate collagen fibers and some elastic fibers

A

arachnoid matter

29
Q

contains sensory neuron axons and conducts impulses from the peripheral receptors into the spinal cord

A

posterior (dorsal) ramus

30
Q

superficial spinal cord covering of dense, irregular connective tissue

A

dura mater

31
Q

an extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

A

filum terminale

32
Q

extending the length of the spinal cord, these pia mater thickenings fuse with the arachnoid mater and dura mater and help to protect the spinal cord from shock and sudden displacement

A

denticulate ligaments

33
Q

thin transparent connective tissue composed of interlacing bundles of collagen fibers and some elastic fibers adhering to the spinal cord’s surface

A

pia mater

34
Q

space within the spinal cord filled with cerebrospinal fluid

A

central canal

35
Q

spinal nerve branch that supplies vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of the spinal cord, and meninges

A

meningeal branch

36
Q

provides the entire nerve supply of the shoulders and

upper limbs

A

brachial plexus

37
Q

provides the nerve supply of the skin and muscles of the

head, neck, and superior part of the shoulders and chest

A

cervical plexus

38
Q

provides the nerve supply of the anterolateral abdominal

wall, external genitals, and part of the lower limbs

A

lumbar plexus

39
Q

supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs

A

sacral plexus

40
Q

formed by the anterior rami of C1–C4 with some

contribution by C5

A

cervical plexus

41
Q

formed by anterior rami of S4–S5 and coccygeal nerves

A

coccygeal plexus

42
Q

formed by the anterior rami of L1–L4

A

lumbar plexus

43
Q

formed by the anterior rami of C5–C8 and T1

A

brachial plexus

44
Q

formed by the anterior rami of L4–L5 and S1–S4

A

sacral plexus

45
Q

phrenic nerve arises from this plexus

A

cervical plexus

46
Q

median nerve arises from this plexus

A

brachial plexus

47
Q

sciatic nerve arises from this plexus

A

sacral plexus

48
Q

femoral nerve arises from this plexus

A

lumbar plexus

49
Q

supplies a small area of skin in coccygeal region

A

coccygeal plexus

50
Q

injury to this plexus can affect breathing

A

cervical plexus

Board Review (4 decks)

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