A&P Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Because they contain both sensory and motor axons, spinal nerves are considered to be _____ nerves.

Answer 1

mixed

Question 2

The five components of a reflex arc, in order from the beginning to the end, are (1) _____, (2) _____, (3) _____, (4) _____, and (5) _____.

Answer 2

sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, effector

Question 3

T/F: Gray matter of the spinal cord contains somatic motor and sensory nuclei, autonomic motor and sensory nuclei, and functions to receive and integrate both incoming and outgoing information.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

T/F: The epidural space is located between the wall of the vertebral canal and the pia mater.

Answer 4

false

Question 5

receptors that monitor changes in muscle length

Answer 5

muscle spindles

Question 6

a balance-maintaining reflex

Answer 6

crossed-extensor reflex

Question 7

operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation when muscle force becomes too extreme

Answer 7

tendon reflex

Question 8

reflex arc that consists of one sensory and one motor neuron

Answer 8

monosynaptic reflex

Question 9

acts as a feedback mechanism to control muscle length by causing muscle contraction

Answer 9

stretch reflex

Question 10

sensory impulses enter on one side of the spinal cord and motor impulses exit on the opposite side

Answer 10

contralateral reflex arc

Question 11

sensory impulses enter on one side of the spinal cord and motor impulses exit on the opposite side

Answer 11

contralateral reflex arc

Question 12

Occurs when sensory nerve impulse travels up and down the spinal cord, thereby activating several motor neurons and more than one effector

Answer 12

intersegmental reflex arc

Question 13

polysynaptic reflex initiated in response to a painful stimulus

Answer 13

flexor (withdrawal) reflex

Question 14

receptors that monitor changes in muscle tension

Answer 14

tendon (golgi tendon) organs

Question 15

maintains proper muscle tone

Answer 15

stretch reflex

Question 16

reflex pathway that contains
sensory neurons, interneurons,
and motor neurons

Answer 16

polysynaptic reflex

Question 17

motor nerve impulses exit the spinal cord on the same side that sensory impulses entered the spinal cord

Answer 17

ipsilateral reflex arc

Question 18

protects the tendon and muscle from damage due to excessive tension

Answer 18

tendon reflex

Question 19

a neural circuit that coordinates body movements by causing contraction of one muscle and relaxation of antagonistic muscles or relaxation of a muscle and contraction of the antagonists

Answer 19

reciprocal innervation

Question 20

the joining together of the anterior rami of adjacent nerves

Answer 20

plexus

Question 21

spinal nerve branches that serve the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk

Answer 21

posterior (dorsal) ramus

Question 22

spinal nerve branches that

serve the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk

Answer 22

posterior (dorsal) ramus

Question 23

spinal nerve branches that serve the muscles and structures of the upper and lower limbs and the lateral and ventral trunk

Answer 23

anterior (ventral) ramus

Question 24

area of the spinal cord from

which nerves to and from the upper limbs arise

Answer 24

cervical enlargement

Question 25

area of the spinal cord from | which nerves to and from the lower limbs arise

Answer 25

lumbar enlargement

Question 26

the roots form the nerves that arise from the inferior part of the spinal cord but do not leave the vertebral column at the same level as they exit the cord

Answer 26

cauda equina

Question 27

contains motor neuron axons and conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the peripheral organs and cells

Answer 27

anterior (ventral) root

Question 28

avascular covering of spinal cord composed of delicate collagen fibers and some elastic fibers

Answer 28

arachnoid matter

Question 29

contains sensory neuron axons and conducts impulses from the peripheral receptors into the spinal cord

Answer 29

posterior (dorsal) ramus

Question 30

superficial spinal cord covering of dense, irregular connective tissue

Answer 30

dura mater

Question 31

an extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

Answer 31

filum terminale

Question 32

extending the length of the spinal cord, these pia mater thickenings fuse with the arachnoid mater and dura mater and help to protect the spinal cord from shock and sudden displacement

Answer 32

denticulate ligaments

Question 33

thin transparent connective tissue composed of interlacing bundles of collagen fibers and some elastic fibers adhering to the spinal cord’s surface

Answer 33

pia mater

Question 34

space within the spinal cord filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 34

central canal

Question 35

spinal nerve branch that supplies vertebrae, vertebral ligaments, blood vessels of the spinal cord, and meninges

Answer 35

meningeal branch

Question 36

provides the entire nerve supply of the shoulders and | upper limbs

Answer 36

brachial plexus

Question 37

provides the nerve supply of the skin and muscles of the | head, neck, and superior part of the shoulders and chest

Answer 37

cervical plexus

Question 38

provides the nerve supply of the anterolateral abdominal | wall, external genitals, and part of the lower limbs

Answer 38

lumbar plexus

Question 39

supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs

Answer 39

sacral plexus

Question 40

formed by the anterior rami of C1–C4 with some | contribution by C5

Answer 40

cervical plexus

Question 41

formed by anterior rami of S4–S5 and coccygeal nerves

Answer 41

coccygeal plexus

Question 42

formed by the anterior rami of L1–L4

Answer 42

lumbar plexus

Question 43

formed by the anterior rami of C5–C8 and T1

Answer 43

brachial plexus

Question 44

formed by the anterior rami of L4–L5 and S1–S4

Answer 44

sacral plexus

Question 45

phrenic nerve arises from this plexus

Answer 45

cervical plexus

Question 46

median nerve arises from this plexus

Answer 46

brachial plexus

Question 47

sciatic nerve arises from this plexus

Answer 47

sacral plexus

Question 48

femoral nerve arises from this plexus

Answer 48

lumbar plexus

Question 49

supplies a small area of skin in coccygeal region

Answer 49

coccygeal plexus

Question 50

injury to this plexus can affect breathing

Answer 50

cervical plexus