A&P Cardiovascular - The Heart Flashcards
The chamber of the heart with the thickest myocardium is the
_____.
left ventricle
major branch from the ascending aorta; passes inferior to the left auricle
left coronary artery
lies in the posterior
interventricular sulcus; supplies
the walls of the ventricles with oxygenated blood
posterior interventricular branch
located in the coronary sulcus
on the posterior surface of the heart; receives most of the deoxygenated blood from the myocardium
coronary sinus
lies in the coronary sulcus; supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the right ventricle
marginal branch
lies in the coronary sulcus;
drains the right atrium and
right ventricle
small cardiac vein
major branch from the ascend-
ing aorta; lies inferior to the
right auricle
right coronary artery
lies in the posterior
interventricular sulcus; drains
the right and left ventricles
middle cardiac vein
lies in the anterior
interventricular sulcus;
supplies oxygenated blood to
the walls of both ventricles
anterior interventricular branch (left anterior descending artery)
lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus; drains the walls of
both ventricles and the left
atrium
great cardiac vein
lies in the coronary sulcus;
supplies oxygenated blood to
the walls of the left ventricle
and left atrium
circumflex branch
drain the right ventricle and
open directly into the right
atrium
anterior cardiac veins
indicates ventricular repolarization
T wave
represents the time from the
beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization
Q-T interval
Represents atrial depolarization
P wave
represents the time when the
ventricular contractile fibers are fully depolarized; occurs during the plateau phase of the action potential
S-T segment
represents the onset of ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
represents the conduction time from the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation
P-Q interval
collects oxygenated blood from
the pulmonary circulation
left atrium
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation
right ventricle
their contraction pulls on and tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing the valve cusps from everting
papillary muscles
cardiac muscle tissue
myocardium
increase blood-holding capacity
of the atria
auricles
tendonlike cords connected to
the atrioventricular valve cusps which, along with the papillary muscles, prevent valve eversion
chordae tendineae
the superficial dense irregular connective tissue covering of the heart
fibrous pericardium
outer layer of the serous pericardium; is fused to the fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
endothelial cells lining the interior of the heart; are continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels
endocardium
pumps oxygenated blood to all body cells, except the air sacs of the lungs
left ventricle
prevents backflow of
blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
collects deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation
right atrium
left atrioventricular valve
bicuspid (mitral) valve
the remnant of the foramen ovale,
an opening in the interatrial
septum of the fetal heart
fossa ovalis
blood vessels that pierce the heart
muscle and supply blood to the
cardiac muscle fibers
coronary circulation
grooves on the surface of the heart
which delineate the external
boundaries between the chambers
sulci
prevent backflow of blood from the
arteries into the ventricles
semilunar valves
the gap junction and desmosome
connections between individual
cardiac muscle fibers
intercalated discs
internal wall dividing the chambers
of the heart
septum
separate the upper and lower heart
chambers, preventing backflow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria
atrioventricular valves
inner visceral layer of the pericardium; adheres tightly to the surface of the heart
epicardium
ridges formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers
trabeculae carneae
amount of blood contained in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation
end-diastolic volume (EDV)
period of time when cardiac muscle fibers are contracting and exerting force but not shortening
isovolumetric contraction
amount of blood ejected per beat by each ventricle
stroke volume
amount of blood remaining in the ventricles following ventricular contraction
end-systolic volume (ESV)
difference between a person’s maximum cardiac output and cardiac output at rest
cardiac reserve
period of time when semilunar valves are open and blood flows out of the ventricles
ventricular ejection
period when all four valves are closed and ventricular blood volume does not change
isovolumetric relaxation and isovolumetric contraction
