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micro lab 3 7-9 > A + P NERVOUS SYSTEM LECTURE > Flashcards

A + P NERVOUS SYSTEM LECTURE Flashcards

1
Q

When a hyperpolarization occurs the membrane potential is getting farther away from threshold and this is referred to as

A

an IPSP

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2
Q

Which type of channel protein passively moves ions when membrane potential changes?

A

voltage-gated channels

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3
Q

Which of the following channel proteins is an example of active transport?

A

sodium potassium pump

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4
Q

A strong stimulus will result in a _________________ of action potentials.

A

high frequency

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5
Q

During the initiation of an action potential in an area of excitable membrane, which of the following does NOT occur?

A

Potassium channels open to increase the level of depolarization attained by the membrane

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6
Q

Schwann cells →

A

insulation for cells in the PNS,

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7
Q

astrocyte →

A

make up the blood-brain barrier

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8
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

insulation for cells in the CNS,

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9
Q

microglia

A

resident immune cell in the brain

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10
Q

ependymal cells

A

secrete and move cerebral spinal fluid

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11
Q

satellite cels

A

protection from heavy metals

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12
Q

The sodium-potassium pump moves _____________ sodiums ________ the cell.

A

3 - out of

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13
Q

Which primary vesicle of the embryonic nervous system does not differentiate into more vesicles at the secondary stage?

A

mesencephalon

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14
Q

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential:

1 - the membrane becomes depolarized

2 - sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward

3 - the membrane becomes repolarized

4 - potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward

A

2,1,4,3

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15
Q

When threshold is reached at the axon hillock and an action potential is generated, this was caused by what type of potential?

A

EPSP

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16
Q

The division of the nervous system that is involved in “rest and digest” is the ___________.

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT going ot effect the speed of an action potential?

A

the number of astrocytes

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18
Q

When the voltage gated sodium channels are closed and the potassium channels are open, the axon is experiencing ____________.

A

repolarization

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19
Q

What type of glial cell is responsible for filtering blood?

A

astrocyte

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20
Q

What is the name of the cell that is responsbile for transmitting the signal to the next cell?

A

presynaptic cell

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21
Q

A frequency modulated nervous system means that

A

the number of action potentials produced is dependent on the strength of the stimuluS

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22
Q

During depolarization, which of the following statements about voltage-gated ion channels is TRUE

A

Na+ gates open while K+ gates remain closed

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23
Q

The speed at which an action potential is transmitted depends on __________.

A

the myelination and diameter of the axon

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24
Q

Which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS?

A

Schwann cells

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25
Q

Which of the following is NOT true concerning ganglia?

A

occur in the CNS

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26
Q

Which of the following statements about graded potentials is INCORRECT?

A

The effect of graded depolarization is spread actively as ATP is required to open channels.

27
Q

Which direction do sodium ions move through leak channels?

A

from outside to inside the cell

28
Q

Which of the following will propagate the fastest action potentials?

A

Type A neurons

29
Q

What substance binds to ligand gated channels?

A

neurotransmitter

30
Q

Depolarization occurs because

A

more Na+ diffuse into the cell than K+ diffuse out of it

31
Q

A nerve impulse involves ____________ across a neuron’s plasma membrane.

A

both a and b

32
Q

A subthreshold stimulus causes a neuron’s membrane potential to rise to −60 mV. Which of the following is NOT going to occur?

A

action potential, inhibition of action potential due to hyperpolarization

33
Q

When the action potential arrives at the axon terminal ______________________.

A

calcium ions move into the cell through voltage gated calcium ion channels

34
Q

Which part of the nervous system is responsible initiating reflexes and is a pathway for neurons?

A

spinal cord

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteritic of a graded potential?

A

is an “all or none” type of potential

36
Q

What part of the neuron initiates the action potential if threshold is reached?

A

axon hillock

37
Q

What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?

A

breaks acetylcholine down in the synapse

38
Q

Which channel proteins are responsible for maintaing the charge difference of a resting neuron?

A

leak ion channels

39
Q

What is the name for a bundle of axons within the CNS?

A

tract

40
Q

The effects of the symapthetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the

A

parasympathetic nervous system

41
Q

A resting neuron has a _____________ charge inside the cell and a ______________ charge outside the cell.

A

negative, positive

42
Q

During what part of action potential is the neruon completely insensitive to an stimuls and therefore incapable of producing another action potential?

A

absolute refractory period

43
Q

The intensity of the stimulus is directly related to the ___________ of the action potentials produced.

A

frequency

44
Q

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell?

A

potassium

45
Q

Hyperpolarization occurs when

A

potassium ions move out of the cell through voltage gated channels

46
Q

Which one of these effectors is NOT direclty controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A

skeletal muscle

47
Q

Put the following in the correct sequence from incoming signal to movement

A

1,2,4,3,5

48
Q

The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is

A

acetlycholine

49
Q

When the action potential arrives at the axon terminal ______________________.

A

calcium ions move into the cell through voltage gated calcium ion channels

50
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the

A

autonomic nervous system

51
Q

Which adult structure(s) arises from the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

52
Q

The refractory period occurs __________.

A

from the time an action potential begins until the normal resting potential has stabilized

53
Q

Which of the following does NOT describe a synapse?

A

the point where neurotransmitters are assembled

54
Q

Afferent neurons are called _________ neurons, and motor neurons are called ___________ neurons.

A

sensory; efferent

55
Q

Cell bodies of hte sensory neurons of the spinal cord are located in

A

the dorsal root ganglion

56
Q

The axon of a neuron is more permeable to which ion?

A

potassium

57
Q

During what part of action potential is the neruon completely insensitive to an stimuls and therefore incapable of producing another action potential?

A

absolute refractory period

58
Q

Which of the following is NOT true concerning ganglia?

A

occur in the CNS

59
Q

Summation refers to

A

EPSP’s and IPSP’s can be “added together” to produce a stronger or weaker graded potential

60
Q

What region of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that direct the movement of skeletal muscles?

A

anterior horn

61
Q

Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur at the post-synaptic side of a neuromuscular junction.
1. Action potential is propagated over the muscle cell membrane
2. Depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane
3. Sodium ions move into muscle cell

A

3,2,1

62
Q

What is the resting membrane potential for a typical neuron?

A

: -70 mV

63
Q

Saltatory transmission __________.

A

has all the listed characteristics

micro lab 3 7-9 (2 decks)

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