A&P II Final Exam Review (Jim) 7/25/24 Flashcards
- What is hemolytic disease of the newborn?
- A woman with Rh-positive blood need not worry at all.
- A woman with Rh-negative blood has nothing to worry about if their baby is also Rh-negative
- Problems arise only with Rh-negative mothers and Rh-positive babies. Usually, the first pregnancy goes fine. It’s a subsequent Rh-positive baby who may be at risk.
- The most important feature of hemoglobin is what?
it binds to oxygen
- What cells below can be found in significantly elevated numbers during a bacterial infection in the body?
Neutrophils
- Which of the cells below ultimately becomes activated to become the largest phagocytic cell in the body?
Macrophages or monocytes (turn into macrophage)
- When a clot is no longer needed, the _____ is dissolved by ______?
Fibrin, plasmin
- What blood vessels do not carry oxygen?
Pulmonary artery and umbilical artery
- If a murmur is heard throughout systole what does that mean?
It means that one of the AV valves is not fully shut
- Which of the following statements about the heart is not true?
The QRS complex in the ECG of a patient corresponds to ventricular repolarization
- Which of the following statements concerning the chordae tendinae is not true?
They prevent the semi lunar valve from involution turning out like an umbrella
- When the Foreman Ovale fails to close after birth, the congenital defect is called?
Atrial septal defect
- A drop in blood volume will immediately trigger all of the following except?
Increased system blood pressure
- What are the two blood vessels that emerge from where the abdominal aorta exists?
Right and left common iliac artery
- What are the branches of the aortic arch?
1-brachialcephalic artery, #2 left common carotid artery and #3 left subclavian artery
- Which of the following statements is true?
The 2 sets of blood vessels that directly deliver oxygenated blood into the Circle of Willis are the internal carotid arteries and basilar artery
- What are the two sets of blood vessels that deliver oxygenated blood into the circle of Willis?
Internal carotid arteries and basal arteries
- The name of the blood vessel found on the back of the knee is?
Popliteal artery
- What are the three blood vessels that emerge from the celiac trunk?
Left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic arteries
- Erythrocytes have no _____ and derive their ATP from _____?
Organelles and glycolysis
- Even though the lymphatic system is heavily involved in immune system response, its main function is?
Fluid homeostasis
- Most of the deoxygenated blood from abdominal organs drains directly in the?
hepatic portal vein
- If the lymphatic vessel in the lower left leg of a patient becomes blocked what would you expect to see?
The left leg would develop edema
- As the tubes make up the respiratory tree branch and become smaller, what change happens on the way down the respiratory tree?
We progressively lose cartilage and increase smooth muscle
- The main defense that the respiratory system has to prevent unwanted particulate matter from reaching the alveoli is?
mucociliary clearance
- When a patient has an obstructive pulmonary disease like asthma, you would expect all of the following except:
high O2 saturation rates
- The peripheral chemoreceptors and baroreceptors are located where?
Cortical sinuses and aortic arch
- Any _____ that causes _____can cause right ventricular hypertrophy in the heart and ultimately right-sided heart failure.
Pulmonary disease, increased pulmonary vascular resistance
- The levels of what molecule ion drives respiratory?
CO2
- In the nephrons, where does most of the absorption slash reabsorption occur?
PCT -proximal convoluted tubule
- Where does the peritubular originate from, and what does it wrap around?
Originates from the Efferent arterioles and wraps around the PCT and DCT
- The kidneys are responsible for all of the following functions except:
they convert systemic nitrogenous waste to urea
- The extra long _____in the ______ helps maintain salt content of the renal medulla.
Loop of Henle, juxtamedullary nephron
- Which of the following statements regarding the act of micturition is not correct?
Nocturnal micturition in healthy adults is normal
Which of the following is accurate regarding blood flow in the kidney?
Renal artery to segmental to interlobar arteries to arcuate arteries
- Where is the intrinsic factor made _____ and it helps absorb _____ and it’s absorbed it in the _____?
Stomach, B12, Ileum
- What is the function of bile?
To emulsified fats
- Why does the small intestine have many folds?
To increase surface area for absorption
- What does the enteric nervous system do?
Controls the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- What does the mesenteric plexus do?
Controls gastrointestinal (GI) motility
- What does the exocrine pancreas do?
Secrete enzymes for carbohydrate digestion, secrete enzymes for protein digestion and ??
- Most hormones are _____ and operate through _____.
Water soluble, negative feedback mechanism
- What is up-regulation in the context of the endocrine system?
The body makes more receptor sites for specific hormones
- What might happen if the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is damaged in a child?
The child may develop but have small stature
- Which muscle helps regulate the temperature of the testicles?
Cremaster muscles
- What hormone starts the ovarian cycle?
GNRH (Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone)
- Which of the following hormones directly stimulate spermatogenesis?
Testosterone
- When does the secondary reach an oocyte?
Upon fertilization
- What is the longest stage of parturition (3 phases)?
Dilation phase is the longest (3 phases are dilation, expulsion and placenta)
- True/False: The placenta produces all of the progesterone and estrogen needed in the second and third trimesters?
True
- What structure anchors the uterus internally?
Round ligament
- What does the submucosal myenteric plexus do?
Regulates peristaltic activity by innervating the muscularis mucosae
- Where does chemical digestion first begin?
In the mouth
- Concerning surfactant which of the following are true?
All of the above
- The main defense that the respiratory system has to prevent unwanted particles and matter from reaching the alveoli is?
Mucus ciliary clearance
- Most of the deoxygenated blood from abdominal organs drained directly into the _______?
Hepatic portal Vein
