A&P Final lecture 3 Notes Flashcards
Kidney
What is the renal blood flow through the kidney
Renal Artery
Segmental Arteries
Interlobar Arteries
Arcuate Arteries
Interlobular Arteries
Afferent Arterioles
Glomerular Cap’s
Efferent Arterioles
Peritubular Cap’s
Interlobular veins
Arcuate Veins
Interlobar Veins
Segmental Veins
Renal Veins
True or False, All the waste that enters the kidney comes out the kidney
False
Where are the renal peritubular capillaries located within the kidneys
renal interstitium
What are the 2 primary function of the peritubular capillaries?
-reabsorb the fluid
-provide for the metabolic requirements for deeper parts of the kidney
What would happen to impaired blood flow through the peritubular capillaries?
The peritubular capillaries that are most deep will be under perfuse
What is the name of the peritubular capillaries that are located in the medulla of the kidney?
Vasa Recta
Where are the majority of the peritublar capillaries, superficial or deep?
superfical
What is the DVR ?
How many DVRs are their within a peritublar caplliary?
Descending Vasa Recta
1
What is the AVR?
How many AVRs are there?
Ascending Vasa Recta
2 or many tubes
Why are the AVR in a parallel system?
Decreases the velocity of the blood, to prevent wash out of the deep medulla
What is the open space of the renal system and what can be found in it?
interstitium
proteins
electrolytes
collegen
operate as network for things to work through
What happens to the interstitium as it goes deeper into the kidney
the interstitium becomes more concentrated which can help us hold fluid
What would happen if we decrease the velocity of the blood?
reduce the chance of washing out the renal interstitium
How do the tuff, thick outer coating surrounding the kidney effects the kidney?
Keeps the pressure in the kidneys elevated
increase the amount of urine produce
What happens if we have an injury to the outer coating of the kidney?
fluid leaking out
pressures in the kidney will be different
What is the order of the renal tubular system?
1: Corpuscle - Bowmans capsule
2: PCT - Proxmial Convoluted Tubule
3: PST - Proximal Straight Tubule
4: DTL - Descending Thin Loop of Henle
5: AThinL (ATL) - Ascending Thin Loop of Henle
6: TAL - Ascending Thick Loop of Henle
7: MD - Macula Densa (Located in the 1st part of the DCT)
8: DCT - Distal Convoluted Tublule
9: CT - Collecting Tubules (Duct)
10: CCD - cortical collecting duct (located in the cortex)
11: oMCD - Outer Medulla Collecting Duct
12: iMCD - Inner Medulla Collecting Duct
What are the parts of the juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Macula Densa
Juxtaglomerular cells
Capillary endothelium
Glomerular Basement Membrane
Podocytes
Blood vessels in/out (afferent and efferent)
Proximal tubule
What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?
-Sensor system of the kidney determines the amount of fluid flowing to fine to GFR
-it talks to the blood vessels that are up stream (Afferent) and (Efferent) down stream the glomerular
What ions do the Macula Densa rely on to determine the amount volume in the distal tubules?
looks at the number of Na (primary) Cl ions in the fluid per unit time
low Na = GFR to low
High Na = GFR to high
What are 2 ways MD response to low GFR in the distal tubules?
- Na+ is low = system will do things to increase the GFR
- the MD tells the afferent arteriole to dilute
- less resistance between the glomerular and the heart
- Increasing Glomerular blood flow
- Increasing the amount of filtration that we have - Juxtaglomerular cells release Renin
-which is the primary step in And II
Where is the location of the Juxtaglomerular cells?
located in the arterial that the MD is next to distal tubule
How do Ang II effect the low GFR
- increase the resistance at the Efferent arteriole
-increasing pressure in the glomerular capillary bed
-increasing fluid being filtered - increases the resistance to the Afferent arteriole
-slightly constricted by Ang II
What is the only portion of the blood content that can be filtered?
plasma
What is the meausurement use for the results of Creatinine in the lab
1 mg/ dl
Over the course of the tubular system how much fluid is reabsorbed ?
124ml / min
2/3 - at the proximal tubules
1/3- down the remainder of the tubules
What is the pathway of fluid reabsorption ?
tubule —->paracellular /transcellular pathway—-> interstetium —-> peritubular capillaries (very porse)
What is the peritubular capillary Hydrostatic pressure
13 mmhg
What is the peritubular capillary onconic pressure?
32 mmhg
What is the peritubular interstium hydrostaic pressure?
6 mmhg
What is the peritubular intersitium onconic pressure
15mmhg
What is the Net reabsorption pressure (NRP) in the peritubular capillary?
10 mmhg
What causes the change in pressure from 60 mmgh in the glomerular capillary to 13 in the peritubular capillaries?
The blood come across resistance
True or False, large items = not filterable
True
True or False, The compound concentration at the begin of the tubule is the same as the compound concentration in the plasma
True
How do you determine how much compounds are filtered = filter load ?
Volume filtered (dl/ min) X concentration of the compound in the plasma (mg/dl)
as long as it is freely filterable
True or false if the compound is partial filterable then the filter load will be cut in half.
True
How do you determine what is the urinary concentration of the compound?
amount of compound (mg/dl)
What mesaurements is the urinary flow rate in?
ml/mins
Blood pressure goes up = _______ in urine output
Blood pressure goes down = _______ in urine output
increase in urine output
decrease in urine output
What happen to the urine output with a MAP less than or equal to 50 mmgh
No urine output
True or false, Kidney failure is deadly with a 10% mortality
True
What arteriole help with under perfusion
Afferent arterioles
True or false At high pressures glomerular filiration rate manage better than the renal blood flow
True
What compounds can be filtered (filterability) and why ?
water
sodium
glucose
inulin
smaller
What compounds can not be filtered (Not filiterablility) and why
Myoglobin
albumin
larger
True or false , A dextran that is large is filterable
False
True or false, Polycationic dextran can be filtered
True, because of it positive charge
True or false, Polyanionic dextran can be filtered
False
What is the name of the coefficient use in the kidney?
What are the measurements use?
Filtration coefficient
ml/min/mmgh
What is a normal filtration Coefficient?
12.5 ml/min/mmgh
What will effect the filtration coefficient, and how
An infection
an infection can increase the size of the capillaries pores, making it easier for things to get through, increasing the filtration coefficient
What is the formula to find the filtration using the filtration coefficeient (in ml/min)
Filtration Coefficient (12.5ml/min/mmgh) * Net filtration pressure X mmgh = X* 12.5 ml/min
