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A&P Fall 2023 > A&P Final lecture 3 Notes > Flashcards

A&P Final lecture 3 Notes Flashcards

Kidney

1
Q

What is the renal blood flow through the kidney

A

Renal Artery
Segmental Arteries
Interlobar Arteries
Arcuate Arteries
Interlobular Arteries
Afferent Arterioles
Glomerular Cap’s
Efferent Arterioles
Peritubular Cap’s
Interlobular veins
Arcuate Veins
Interlobar Veins
Segmental Veins
Renal Veins

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2
Q

True or False, All the waste that enters the kidney comes out the kidney

A

False

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3
Q

Where are the renal peritubular capillaries located within the kidneys

A

renal interstitium

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4
Q

What are the 2 primary function of the peritubular capillaries?

A

-reabsorb the fluid
-provide for the metabolic requirements for deeper parts of the kidney

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5
Q

What would happen to impaired blood flow through the peritubular capillaries?

A

The peritubular capillaries that are most deep will be under perfuse

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6
Q

What is the name of the peritubular capillaries that are located in the medulla of the kidney?

A

Vasa Recta

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7
Q

Where are the majority of the peritublar capillaries, superficial or deep?

A

superfical

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8
Q

What is the DVR ?
How many DVRs are their within a peritublar caplliary?

A

Descending Vasa Recta

1

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9
Q

What is the AVR?
How many AVRs are there?

A

Ascending Vasa Recta
2 or many tubes

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10
Q

Why are the AVR in a parallel system?

A

Decreases the velocity of the blood, to prevent wash out of the deep medulla

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11
Q

What is the open space of the renal system and what can be found in it?

A

interstitium
proteins
electrolytes
collegen
operate as network for things to work through

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12
Q

What happens to the interstitium as it goes deeper into the kidney

A

the interstitium becomes more concentrated which can help us hold fluid

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13
Q

What would happen if we decrease the velocity of the blood?

A

reduce the chance of washing out the renal interstitium

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14
Q

How do the tuff, thick outer coating surrounding the kidney effects the kidney?

A

Keeps the pressure in the kidneys elevated
increase the amount of urine produce

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15
Q

What happens if we have an injury to the outer coating of the kidney?

A

fluid leaking out
pressures in the kidney will be different

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16
Q

What is the order of the renal tubular system?

A

1: Corpuscle - Bowmans capsule
2: PCT - Proxmial Convoluted Tubule
3: PST - Proximal Straight Tubule
4: DTL - Descending Thin Loop of Henle
5: AThinL (ATL) - Ascending Thin Loop of Henle
6: TAL - Ascending Thick Loop of Henle
7: MD - Macula Densa (Located in the 1st part of the DCT)
8: DCT - Distal Convoluted Tublule
9: CT - Collecting Tubules (Duct)
10: CCD - cortical collecting duct (located in the cortex)
11: oMCD - Outer Medulla Collecting Duct
12: iMCD - Inner Medulla Collecting Duct

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17
Q

What are the parts of the juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

Macula Densa
Juxtaglomerular cells
Capillary endothelium
Glomerular Basement Membrane
Podocytes
Blood vessels in/out (afferent and efferent)
Proximal tubule

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18
Q

What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?

A

-Sensor system of the kidney determines the amount of fluid flowing to fine to GFR
-it talks to the blood vessels that are up stream (Afferent) and (Efferent) down stream the glomerular

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19
Q

What ions do the Macula Densa rely on to determine the amount volume in the distal tubules?

A

looks at the number of Na (primary) Cl ions in the fluid per unit time

low Na = GFR to low
High Na = GFR to high

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20
Q

What are 2 ways MD response to low GFR in the distal tubules?

A
  1. Na+ is low = system will do things to increase the GFR
    - the MD tells the afferent arteriole to dilute
    - less resistance between the glomerular and the heart
    - Increasing Glomerular blood flow
    - Increasing the amount of filtration that we have
  2. Juxtaglomerular cells release Renin
    -which is the primary step in And II
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21
Q

Where is the location of the Juxtaglomerular cells?

A

located in the arterial that the MD is next to distal tubule

22
Q

How do Ang II effect the low GFR

A
  1. increase the resistance at the Efferent arteriole
    -increasing pressure in the glomerular capillary bed
    -increasing fluid being filtered
  2. increases the resistance to the Afferent arteriole
    -slightly constricted by Ang II
23
Q

What is the only portion of the blood content that can be filtered?

A

plasma

24
Q

What is the meausurement use for the results of Creatinine in the lab

A

1 mg/ dl

25
Q

Over the course of the tubular system how much fluid is reabsorbed ?

A

124ml / min
2/3 - at the proximal tubules
1/3- down the remainder of the tubules

26
Q

What is the pathway of fluid reabsorption ?

A

tubule —->paracellular /transcellular pathway—-> interstetium —-> peritubular capillaries (very porse)

27
Q

What is the peritubular capillary Hydrostatic pressure

A

13 mmhg

28
Q

What is the peritubular capillary onconic pressure?

A

32 mmhg

29
Q

What is the peritubular interstium hydrostaic pressure?

A

6 mmhg

30
Q

What is the peritubular intersitium onconic pressure

A

15mmhg

31
Q

What is the Net reabsorption pressure (NRP) in the peritubular capillary?

A

10 mmhg

32
Q

What causes the change in pressure from 60 mmgh in the glomerular capillary to 13 in the peritubular capillaries?

A

The blood come across resistance

33
Q

True or False, large items = not filterable

A

True

34
Q

True or False, The compound concentration at the begin of the tubule is the same as the compound concentration in the plasma

A

True

35
Q

How do you determine how much compounds are filtered = filter load ?

A

Volume filtered (dl/ min) X concentration of the compound in the plasma (mg/dl)

as long as it is freely filterable

36
Q

True or false if the compound is partial filterable then the filter load will be cut in half.

A

True

37
Q

How do you determine what is the urinary concentration of the compound?

A

amount of compound (mg/dl)

38
Q

What mesaurements is the urinary flow rate in?

A

ml/mins

39
Q

Blood pressure goes up = _______ in urine output
Blood pressure goes down = _______ in urine output

A

increase in urine output
decrease in urine output

40
Q

What happen to the urine output with a MAP less than or equal to 50 mmgh

A

No urine output

41
Q

True or false, Kidney failure is deadly with a 10% mortality

A

True

42
Q

What arteriole help with under perfusion

A

Afferent arterioles

43
Q

True or false At high pressures glomerular filiration rate manage better than the renal blood flow

A

True

44
Q

What compounds can be filtered (filterability) and why ?

A

water
sodium
glucose
inulin

smaller

45
Q

What compounds can not be filtered (Not filiterablility) and why

A

Myoglobin
albumin

larger

46
Q

True or false , A dextran that is large is filterable

A

False

47
Q

True or false, Polycationic dextran can be filtered

A

True, because of it positive charge

48
Q

True or false, Polyanionic dextran can be filtered

A

False

49
Q

What is the name of the coefficient use in the kidney?
What are the measurements use?

A

Filtration coefficient
ml/min/mmgh

50
Q

What is a normal filtration Coefficient?

A

12.5 ml/min/mmgh

51
Q

What will effect the filtration coefficient, and how

A

An infection

an infection can increase the size of the capillaries pores, making it easier for things to get through, increasing the filtration coefficient

52
Q

What is the formula to find the filtration using the filtration coefficeient (in ml/min)

A

Filtration Coefficient (12.5ml/min/mmgh) * Net filtration pressure X mmgh = X* 12.5 ml/min

A&P Fall 2023 (7 decks)

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