A & P Definitions

Question 0

Hyoid

Answer 0

Embedded in tongue base

Larynx suspended from hyoid via thyrohyoid membrane

Question 1

Structures of larynx

Answer 1

Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilages

Question 2

Elevation of hyoid

Answer 2

Pulls larynx up during swallowing

Question 3

Anterior commissure

Answer 3

Vocal folds attach to the inferior surface of the anterior thyroid cartilage by a fibrous bundle

Question 4

Cricoid

Answer 4

Complete ring of cartilage

Shaped like a signet ring with quadrate lamina in the back

Question 5

Arytenoids

Answer 5

Sit on top of quadrate lamina
Pyramid shape
Includes muscular process and vocal process

Question 6

Glottis

Answer 6

Includes vocal folds and space between them
Anterior portion is soft: membranous glottis
Posterior portion is stiffer: cartilaginous glottis

Question 7

Epiglottis

Answer 7

Laryngeal cartilage not involved in phonation

Flips down to cover larynx during swallowing

Question 8

Pyriform sinuses

Answer 8

Pockets between aryepiglottic folds and thyroid cartilage

Question 9

States of glottis: phonation

Answer 9

Vocal folds adducted - medial position

Question 10

States of glottis: rest breathing

Answer 10

Vocal folds partly but not completely abducted- paramedian position

Question 11

States of glottis: vigorous physical activity

Answer 11

Complete/forced abduction

Question 12

States of glottis: whisper

Answer 12

Membranous glottis closed and cartilaginous glottis open

Question 13

Thyroarytenoid - vocalis

Answer 13

Makes up main body of vocal folds

Contraction influences length/tension of vocal folds

Question 14

Vocal fold adductors

Answer 14

Paired lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

Interarytenoid muscles

Question 15

LCA

Answer 15

Contraction rotates arytenoids forward and toward midline, pulling vocal processes toward each other

Question 16

IA

Answer 16

Contraction pulls arytenoids together, closing posterior glottis

Question 17

Transverse interarytenoid

Answer 17

Contraction pulls arytenoids together
Causes vocal folds to move together
Also a force in medial compression

Question 18

Oblique interarytenoids

Answer 18

Contraction pulls apex medially

Closes vocal folds

Question 19

Vocal fold abductors

Answer 19

Paired posterior cricoarytenoids

Question 20

PCA

Answer 20

Contraction rotates arytenoids in a posterior direction, pulling vocal processes away from each other

Question 21

Paired CT

Answer 21

Stretches/tenses vocal folds, changes pitch

Only intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervated by superior laryngeal branch of CN X

Question 22

Recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X

Answer 22

Loops under aorta before returning to larynx
Send motor commands to all intrinsic muscles except CT
Damage can cause dysphonia

Question 23

Superior laryngeal branch of CN X

Answer 23

Sends motor commands to CT of larynx, as well as inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Damage may reduce ability to alter pitch

Question 24

5 layers of true vf

Answer 24

Epithelium
Lamina propria: superficial layer, intermediate layer, deep layer
Vocalis muscle

Question 25

Cover of vocal folds

Answer 25

Epithelium

Superficial layer of lamina propria

Question 26

Body of vocal fold layers

Answer 26

Intermediate and deep layer of lamina propria

Vocalis muscle

Question 27

Modal register

Answer 27

Pattern of phonation used in daily conversation

Question 28

Vocal fundamental frequency

Answer 28

Primary frequency of vibration