A & P Definitions Flashcards
Hyoid
Embedded in tongue base
Larynx suspended from hyoid via thyrohyoid membrane
Structures of larynx
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilages
Elevation of hyoid
Pulls larynx up during swallowing
Anterior commissure
Vocal folds attach to the inferior surface of the anterior thyroid cartilage by a fibrous bundle
Cricoid
Complete ring of cartilage
Shaped like a signet ring with quadrate lamina in the back
Arytenoids
Sit on top of quadrate lamina
Pyramid shape
Includes muscular process and vocal process
Glottis
Includes vocal folds and space between them
Anterior portion is soft: membranous glottis
Posterior portion is stiffer: cartilaginous glottis
Epiglottis
Laryngeal cartilage not involved in phonation
Flips down to cover larynx during swallowing
Pyriform sinuses
Pockets between aryepiglottic folds and thyroid cartilage
States of glottis: phonation
Vocal folds adducted - medial position
States of glottis: rest breathing
Vocal folds partly but not completely abducted- paramedian position
States of glottis: vigorous physical activity
Complete/forced abduction
States of glottis: whisper
Membranous glottis closed and cartilaginous glottis open
Thyroarytenoid - vocalis
Makes up main body of vocal folds
Contraction influences length/tension of vocal folds
Vocal fold adductors
Paired lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Interarytenoid muscles
LCA
Contraction rotates arytenoids forward and toward midline, pulling vocal processes toward each other
IA
Contraction pulls arytenoids together, closing posterior glottis
Transverse interarytenoid
Contraction pulls arytenoids together
Causes vocal folds to move together
Also a force in medial compression
Oblique interarytenoids
Contraction pulls apex medially
Closes vocal folds
Vocal fold abductors
Paired posterior cricoarytenoids
PCA
Contraction rotates arytenoids in a posterior direction, pulling vocal processes away from each other
Paired CT
Stretches/tenses vocal folds, changes pitch
Only intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervated by superior laryngeal branch of CN X
Recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X
Loops under aorta before returning to larynx
Send motor commands to all intrinsic muscles except CT
Damage can cause dysphonia
Superior laryngeal branch of CN X
Sends motor commands to CT of larynx, as well as inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Damage may reduce ability to alter pitch
5 layers of true vf
Epithelium
Lamina propria: superficial layer, intermediate layer, deep layer
Vocalis muscle
Cover of vocal folds
Epithelium
Superficial layer of lamina propria
Body of vocal fold layers
Intermediate and deep layer of lamina propria
Vocalis muscle
Modal register
Pattern of phonation used in daily conversation
Vocal fundamental frequency
Primary frequency of vibration
