A & P chpt 3 vocab Flashcards
cells with specialized characteristics
differentiated
three major parts of a cell
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
a liquid in a cytoplasm
cytosol
allows the cell to receive and respond from incoming messages
signal transduction
cytoplasm contains abundant protein rods and tubules that form a supportive framework
cytoskeleton
Tiny spherical structures composed of protein and RNA.
ribosomes
A complex organelle composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled vesicles. These parts are interconnected.
endoplasmic reticulum
membranous sacs that vary in size and contents.
vesicles
a stack of half a dozen or so flattened membranous sacs called cisternae.
golgi apparatus
are elongated, fluid filled sacs. They often move slowly in the cytoplasm and can divide. They contain a small amountof DNA.
mitochondria
The mitochondrion captures and transfers this newly released energy into special chemical bonds of this molecule
adenosine triphosphate
the garbage disposal of the cell, where enzymes dismantle debris.
lyosomes
membranous sacs that resemble lysosmes in size and shape.
peroxisomes
a structure located near the nucleus. It is nonmembranous and consists of 2 cylinders called centrioles, built of tubelike structures called microtubules organized as nine groups of three.
centrosome
motile extensions of certain cells. they consist of nine grops of three mocrotublules with two additional microtubials in the center, forming a distict cylindrical pattern.
cilia and flagella
two types of threadlike structures in the cytoplasm. They are distinguished by protein type, diameter, and how they assemble.
microfilaments and microtubules
consists oof an inner and outer lipid bilayer membrane. These two membranes have a narrow space between them, but are joined at places that ssurround openings called nuclear pores.
nuclear envelope
small dense body largely composed of RNA and protein
nucleolus
consists of loosely coiled fibers in the nuclear fluid.
chromatin
Chromatin is theh material that becomes organized and compacted to form these.
chromosomes
the tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in a liquied or air solution to move from areas of higher concentrationto areas of lower concentration.
diffusion
the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane into a compartment sontaining solute that cannot cross the same membrane.
osmosis
