A & P chpt 3 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

cells with specialized characteristics

A

differentiated

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2
Q

three major parts of a cell

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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3
Q

a liquid in a cytoplasm

A

cytosol

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4
Q

allows the cell to receive and respond from incoming messages

A

signal transduction

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5
Q

cytoplasm contains abundant protein rods and tubules that form a supportive framework

A

cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Tiny spherical structures composed of protein and RNA.

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

A complex organelle composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled vesicles. These parts are interconnected.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

membranous sacs that vary in size and contents.

A

vesicles

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9
Q

a stack of half a dozen or so flattened membranous sacs called cisternae.

A

golgi apparatus

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10
Q

are elongated, fluid filled sacs. They often move slowly in the cytoplasm and can divide. They contain a small amountof DNA.

A

mitochondria

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11
Q

The mitochondrion captures and transfers this newly released energy into special chemical bonds of this molecule

A

adenosine triphosphate

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12
Q

the garbage disposal of the cell, where enzymes dismantle debris.

A

lyosomes

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13
Q

membranous sacs that resemble lysosmes in size and shape.

A

peroxisomes

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14
Q

a structure located near the nucleus. It is nonmembranous and consists of 2 cylinders called centrioles, built of tubelike structures called microtubules organized as nine groups of three.

A

centrosome

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15
Q

motile extensions of certain cells. they consist of nine grops of three mocrotublules with two additional microtubials in the center, forming a distict cylindrical pattern.

A

cilia and flagella

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16
Q

two types of threadlike structures in the cytoplasm. They are distinguished by protein type, diameter, and how they assemble.

A

microfilaments and microtubules

17
Q

consists oof an inner and outer lipid bilayer membrane. These two membranes have a narrow space between them, but are joined at places that ssurround openings called nuclear pores.

A

nuclear envelope

18
Q

small dense body largely composed of RNA and protein

A

nucleolus

19
Q

consists of loosely coiled fibers in the nuclear fluid.

A

chromatin

20
Q

Chromatin is theh material that becomes organized and compacted to form these.

A

chromosomes

21
Q

the tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in a liquied or air solution to move from areas of higher concentrationto areas of lower concentration.

A

diffusion

22
Q

the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane into a compartment sontaining solute that cannot cross the same membrane.

A

osmosis