A&P, Chemistry , cells, tissues, organs, systems, bacteria, viruses Flashcards
a neuropeptide that relates sensory information to the brain associated with pain
Substance P
1.__________ is the movement of water and dissolved substances across a membrane that occurs because of: 2._________________
- Filtration 2. Hydrostatic pressure
small sacs containing enzymes, hormones, or neurotransmitters are _________________
vesicles
to synthesize fats and proteins is the function of the _________ __________
endoplasmic reticulum
a fibrous protein that coils and recoils like a spring and accounts for those qualities within structures such as skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, intestines, tendons, and ligaments is __________________
elastin
carotene is the precursor to ________ _______
Vitamin A
- __________ ________ are found in the 2. ____________ and help protect the body from invading bacteria or viruses
- Langerhans cells 2. Epidermis
Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to
pressure, vibration
heparin and histamine is a product of this connective tissue component often found along blood vessels
mast cells
one way this tissue maintains the structural integrity of the body, is it seperates individual structures without losing cohesion between them
fascia
this fluid’s composition fluctuates from a sol state to a thick, gel-like consistency
ground substance
what are the three fibers of the connective tissue matrix
collagen, elastin, reticular
a connective tissue phenomenon in which something becomes deformed when an outside force manipulates it and slowly returns to its normal orientation over time is
viscoelasticity
_______________ is a fluid produced to surround the cells in the body to support cellular metabolism by the _____________
- Ground substance 2. Fibroblasts
1._______ are packets DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat called 2.______ they cannot reproduce/replicate outside of a host, they use the machinery of the cells they invade to make more 3.______ called 4._______
- virus 2. capsid 3. viruses 4.virions
a microorganism that has moderate survival outside a host. may be maleficent by invading healthy cells or releasing enzymes or toxins that destroy healthy cells ; or beneficent meaning good for health.
bacteria
-rod -shaped bacterium (bacillus)
- occurs in people who are taking or have recently taken antibiotics, antibiotics can disrupt normal balance of bacteria in the gut
- location of invasions: colon (large intestine)
-can survive long periods outside host
- Antibiotic: Vancomycin, Fidaxomicin, mentronizadole
- Therapy: Fecal Microbiota Transplant
- Path: Pseudomembranous colitis ; Toxic Megacolon ; Sepsis
clostridium difficile
- rod-shaped (bacilli)
- an oral-fecal transmission occurs because of contaminated raw or under cooked poultry, eggs, meat, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water, raw fruits and vegetables, contaminated feces
- location of invasions : Intestinal tract, (in serious infections Blood stream)
-Path: 2.___________ (diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting) - can survive outside of body for some time, generally killed by cooking food to a safe internal temperature
- Antibiotic: Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) , Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Anti-diarrheal medications
-Therapy : “supportive therapies” , intravenous fluids for severe dehydration
salmonella (salmonellosis)
-rod-shaped bacilli
-most commonly spread through fecal-oral transmission; contaminated feces, food, water, sexual contact, person-to person contact, contaminated surfaces
- Path: 2._______ (Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, tenesmus( a feeling of needing to pass stool, even when bowels are empty))
- Location for Invasion : lining of colon (large intestine)
- limited survival outside of body
antibiotic: Fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) , azithromycin, ceftriaxone
- Therapy: supportive therapies, intravenous fluids for severe dehydration
shigella (shigellosis)
-can thrive it the acidic environment of the stomach
- spiral-shaped (helical) bacterium
- location of invasion: gastric mucosa
-Path: Gastritis, peptic ulcers, stomach cancer( caused by 2.______ ___ ______ )
- does not survive well outside the human body. transmission is usually person to person (oral-oral or fecal-oral)
- Antibiotic : Triple therapy -a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (e.g Omeprazole, Iansoprazole) plus to antibiotics (e.g Clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole) ; Quadruple therapy - a (PPI), bismuth, and two antibiotics (e.g metronidazole, and tetracyline).
Helicobacter pylori 2. Chronic H. pylori
(uncorrected) a bacteria that attacks the mucus membranes of the large intestine and colon
Escherichia coli
(uncorrected) what is a another name for Escherichia coli
E. Coli
(uncorrected) a bacteria that lives , infects the muscus membranes of the jejunum sphicnter
campilobacter jejuni
(uncorrected)
tetanus
(uncorrected)
Anthrax
animal , can be unicellular or multicellular, can be vectors for other contagious disease , live in or on a host
parasite
-an intestinal infection caused by a protozoan parasite . common cause of diarrhea worldwide
- pear shape with flagella (tail like structure)
- colonize the small intestine, where they can interfere with nutrient absorption
- watery, somtimes foul-smelling diarrhea, gas and bloating, abdominal cramps, nausea, fatigue, weight loss
- Meds: nitazoxanide (antiparasitic), Notromidazole class antibiotics: metronidazole, tinidazole, IV fluids (if severe dehydration present)
Giardia (Giardia lamblia)
(uncorrected) a fungus that attacjs the epidermis
crytosporidum
(uncorrected) a bacteria that may live in and contaminate water sources
entamoeba histolytica
-S.M is contraindicated for treatment of __________
-an accute diarrhel illness caused by infection of the intestines
- comma-shaped bacterium
-Location of invasion :small instestine
- vomiting, rapid dehydration(sunken eyes, dry mouth, decreased skin turgor), muscle cramps, weakness, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure
-therapy : (ORT) oral rehydration therapy- a solution of salts and sugars. ; intravenous fluids- severe dehydration requires iv fluids
- Antibiotics : tetracyclines (e.g doxycycline), Fluroquinolones (e.g ciprofloxacin) , macrolides (azithromycin)
- Other therapies - zinc supplements to reduce diarrhea , Accupuncture, probiotics, Herbal remedies
Cholera (vibrio cholerae)
coughing up blood , or blood-stained mucus from the lungs and airways.
hemoptysis
(uncorrected) urinary frequency at night
nucturnia
(uncorrected) burping
eructation
