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A & P 1 > A&P Chem lecture 2 > Flashcards

A&P Chem lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

organic compound

A

usually covalent bonds, Has Hydrocarbons

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2
Q

inorganic bond

A

no hydrocarbons, usually ionic bonds

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3
Q

hydrocarbons

A

compounds with carbons and hydrogens

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4
Q

saturated

A

only single bonds between carbons and 4 molecules

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5
Q

unsaturated

A

has double and triple bonds

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6
Q

functional group

A

collection of atoms that attach to the Carbon backbone of a hydrocarbon (R). changes the function of the hydrdocarbon

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7
Q

Ionic bonds

A

when atoms gain or lose an electron to complete outer shell, they become ionized (charged) and are then attracted to each other forming a bond.

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8
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion (lost an electron)

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9
Q

anion

A

negatively charged (gains an electron)

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10
Q

covalent bond

A

MOST COMMON BOND IN LIVING ORGANISM

Sharing of electrons resulting in bonds

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11
Q

polar covalent bond

A

when electrons spend time near one molecule of a bond creating slight charges (+/-) on that compound

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12
Q

non-polar bond

A

equal sharing of an electron between the molecules

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13
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

when a polar covalent bond occurs, the slightly positive charge of the Hydrogen molecule is attracted to other slightly negatively charged Oxygen atoms creating a bond.

Weakest of the bonds
can be strong in large quanities

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14
Q

solute

A

substance that is dissolved in another substance

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15
Q

solvent

A

substance that does the dissolving

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16
Q

solution

A

when a solute is dissolved evenly in a solvent (cool-aid) evenly

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17
Q

suspension

A

uneven dissolving of a solute in a solvent (muddy water)

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18
Q

water

A

universal solvent

  • lubricates
  • good transport median
  • high heat capacity
  • less dense when frozen
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19
Q

salt

A

ionic bond that when placed in water will break down to ionic forms of Na+ and Cl- and are now electrolytes

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20
Q

acids

A

proton donor (H+)

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21
Q

bases

A

proton acceptor (H+)

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22
Q

Carbohydrates

A

most commonly a sugar

backbone of organic compounds

23
Q

glycoprotein

A

carbohydrate and a protein

24
Q

anabolism

A

building tissue

25
Q

catabolism

A

breaking down body tissues

26
Q

lipids

A
  • use in energy
  • 3x as much energy stored in lipids than carbohydrates
  • can be stored
27
Q

Neutral fats

A

lipid-
triglycerides
- core is the glycerol molecule
can be saturated or unsaturated

28
Q

phospholipids

A

lipid-
diglyceride
- 2 fatty acid chains and 3rd spot is a phosphate group

29
Q

fatty acids

A

hydrophobic, tail of bi-lipid membrane

Non-polar

30
Q

phosphate group

A

hydrophilic, head of bi-lipid membrane

Polar

31
Q

steroids

A

lipid - ring shaped,
cholesterrol molecule is part of the main structure
ALL hydrophobic

32
Q

hormones

A

type of steroid, most common steroid

TEST Question

33
Q

eicosanoids

A

lipid - that mediates body process

34
Q

protein

A

most abundant molecule in the body

  • mediates chem. reactions
  • structural purpose
  • part of defense mech.
35
Q

amino acids

A

string together to make proteins (At least 100)
20 different type
Order determines function

36
Q

peptide bond

A

amino acid linked together

  • 10 or more = polypeptide
  • 100 or more = protein
37
Q

how to get order of amino acid

A

organism’s DNA determines order of aminos and the shape of the protein (amino train)

38
Q

Primary Structure

A

Protein order of amino acids

39
Q

Secondary Structure

A

Protein’s twists and folds

40
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

Protein’s overall shape

41
Q

Enzymes

A

can act as catalysts or proteins that can accelerate chemical reaction

42
Q

What affects enzymes work eithic?

A

Temp. and pH

43
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Adenine, thymine or Uracil, guanine, cytosine

44
Q

what determines the type of protein to be made?

A

sequence of nucleotides

45
Q

DNA

A

Blueprint for building proteins

  • double helix
  • adenine & thymine
  • cytosine & guanine
46
Q

genes

A

sequence of nucleotides that carry the code for 1 peptide chain

47
Q

RNA

A

1 string of nucleotides

transfers DNA’s instruction from nucleus to cell cytoplasm (outside the nucleus)

48
Q

transfer RNA

A

copies info in DNA molecule

From shelf to cart in a specific ord

49
Q

Messenger RNA

A

Carries info out of nucleus to the ribosome

Movies the shopping cart

50
Q

Ribosomal RNA

A

Acts as the template to help create protein

51
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

primary source of energy of cell

52
Q

Mitochondria

A

TEST

Power plant for the cell, makes the ATP through cellular respiration

53
Q

Cristae

A

the tendrils inside the Mitochondria

A & P 1 (3 decks)

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