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Anatomy and Physiology > A&P CH ONE & THREE > Flashcards

A&P CH ONE & THREE Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy and list subdivisions

A

Study of structure, Gross/Macroscopic, Microscopic, Developmental

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function of the body

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3
Q

___ and ___ are inseperable, ___ always reflects ____

A

Anatomy and Physiology are inseparable, Function always reflects Structure

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4
Q

Put in order from smallest to largest

Organismal, Chemical, Orgam, Cellular, Organ System, Tissue

A

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal

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5
Q

T or F

Negative feedback is most mechanisms in the body

A

TRUE

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6
Q

____ Feedback enhances or exaggerates original stimulus

A

Positive

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7
Q

Positive feedback may ehibit a _____ effect

A

enhancing

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8
Q

What can occur if you have a disturbance in your homeostasis?

A

Increase risk of disease, contributes to changes associated with aging, infection

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9
Q

T or F

Anatomical position is feet slightly apart, palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from body

A

TRUE

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10
Q

T or F

Right and left refer to the body being viewed, not those of the observer

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Superior (Cranial)

A

Toward head or upper part of body

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12
Q

Inferior (Caudal)

A

Away from head or toward lower part of body

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13
Q

Ventral (Anterior)

A

Toward or at front of body

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14
Q

Dorsal (Posterior)

A

Toward or back of body

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15
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at midline of body

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16
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial and lateral structure

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17
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline of the body

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18
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to origin of body or point of attachment

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19
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part of point of attachment

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20
Q

Superficial (External)

A

Toward or at body surface

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21
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface; more internal

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22
Q

Two subdivisons of the body are

A

Axial- head, trunk, neck

Appendicular- limbs

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23
Q

A flat surface along which body may be cut for anatomical study?

A

Body planes

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24
Q

Three body planes are….

A

Sagittal
Transverse
Frontal

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25
Q

What are your internal two body cavities?

A

Dorsal and Ventral

26
Q

Your dorsal cavity contains___ and ___

A

Cranial and Vertebral cavity

27
Q

Viscera

A

covers internal organs

28
Q

The ventral body cavity has two subdivisons, the ___ and ____ separated by your ____

A

Thoracic, Abdominalpelvic, diaphragm

29
Q

Your thoracic has 4 cavities in it

A
  1. two pleural- each surrounding a lung
  2. Mediastinum- containing the pericardial cavity, surrounds thoracic organs
  3. Pericardia- encloses heart
30
Q

Your abdominopelvic cavity has two parts…

A

Abdomen cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver
Pelvic cavity contains urinary bladder, repo organs and rectum

31
Q

thing, double layered membrane

A

Serous membrane or serosa

32
Q

a serosa that lines internal body cavity walls

A

Parietal serosa

33
Q

Serosa that covers internal organs (viscera)

A

Visceral

34
Q

The serosa is seperated by a cavity filled with _____ (this is secreted by both layers of membrane

A

Serous Fluid

35
Q

____ Serosa of heart

A

Pericardium

36
Q

____ serosa of lungs

A

Pleurae

37
Q

What is the material between the nucleus and plasma membrane? What does it contain?

A

Cytoplasm and contains cytosol and organelles

38
Q

What makes majority of molecules in the plasma membrane?

A

Phosopholipids

39
Q

The plasma membrane is made of a _____. It keeps ions, proteins, and other molecules where they belong without the chance of the diffusing in to the cell

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

40
Q

The head of the phospholipid bilayer is ____ (love water) and the tail on the inside is _____ (hates water).

A

Hydrophilic (loves water)
and
Hydrophobic (hates water)

41
Q

What are the five functions of an integral protein

A

Enzymes, Receptors, Attachment, Cell Recognition, and Transport

42
Q

What do the five functions of integral protein do

A

ENZYMES- catalyze reactions as substrates
RECEPTORS- bind with chemical messengers causing changes in cell inside
ATTACHMENT- junctions to other cells (gap, desmosome, tight) and anchoring the cytoskeleton within the cell
CELL RECOGNITION- for recognition by immune system cells
TRANSPORT- allowing molecules to move into/out of the cell

43
Q

____ diffusion- when small, non-charged substances move between____ in the membrane.

A

Simple
and
Phospholipids

44
Q

___ diffusion- substances move through a ____

A

Facilitated
and
membrane transporter

45
Q

____ diffusion- ____ across a selectively permeable membrane; three types

A

Osmosis
and
water

46
Q

define pumps-

A

substances transported through a protein from where they are not concentrated to where they are already concentrated

47
Q

what are the two types of vesicle transport

A

Endocytosis- goes into the cell

Exocytosis- goes out of the cell

48
Q

T or F

Sodium potassium pump is used because Na/K are slowly leaked through the channel causing changes in gradient

A

TRUE

49
Q

List the three membrane functions

A

Tight Junction
Desmosomes
Gap junction

50
Q

Tight junction-

A

impermeable, prevents molecules from passing through. Found in digestive tract. also the skin.

51
Q

Desmosomes-

A

anchoring bind adjacent cells together and help from internal tension-reducing fibers. Found where mechanical stress is, skin or heart muscle

52
Q

Gap junction-

A

communicating junction allow for ions/small molecules to pass from one cell to the next Found in electrically excitable tissues like hear and smooth muscle

53
Q

Function of DNA

A

genes and protein synthesis

54
Q

What is the S phase of the cell cycle

A

growth and DNA synthesis, DNA is replicated

55
Q

Telomere

A

region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration of from fusion with neighboring chromosomes

56
Q

DNA synthesis

A

semi-conservative process (old/new strands together)

57
Q

Protein synthesis- DNA gives instructions for the sequences of the ____ amino acids

A

in proteins

58
Q

Protein involves involves two processes…

A

Transcription and translation

59
Q

List the functions and stages of interphase

A

G1- cell is metabolically active, growing
G0- cell state of cells that have been permanently stopped growing
s- DNA is replicated
G2- enzymes and proteins needed for cell division are synthesized

60
Q

TAGC

A

Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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