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Neurology > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

broca’s area

A

gives ability to speak

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2
Q

wernicke’s area

A

gives ability to understand speech

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3
Q

expressive aphasia

A

damaged broca’s area

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4
Q

receptive aphasia

A

damaged wernicke’s area

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5
Q

function of oculomotor (CN3)

A

eye muscle movements except what CN 4 and 6 do

opens eyelids

convergence and accommodation

pupillary control

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6
Q

function of trochlear (CN4)

A

eye muscle movements via superior oblique (turns eye down and out)

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7
Q

function of trigeminal (CN5)

A

sensory innervation of the three sections of the face (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)

motor fibers of mastication

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8
Q

function of abducens (CN6)

A

motor fibers of lateral rectus nerve to move the eye laterally

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9
Q

function of facial (CN7)

A

facial expressions

anterior 2/3 taste

facial secretions (tears, saliva, rhinorrhea)

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10
Q

function of vestibulochochlear (CN 8)

A

sense of hearing and sense of equilibrium

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11
Q

function of glossopharyngeal (CN 9)

A

posterior 1/3 taste and sensation

swallowing via innervation of the sylopharyngeus (elevates the pharynx during swallowing)

chemoreceptors in carotid body (regulates RR and depth by checking O2 and CO2 levels)

baroreceptors in carotid sinus (regulate BP)

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12
Q

function of vagus (CN 10)

A

parasumpathetic innervation of heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver, colon, stomach, s. intestines

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13
Q

function of accessory (CN 11)

A

motor function of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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14
Q

function of hypoglossal (CN 12)

A

motor function of tongue

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15
Q

epidural bleeds occur where in the meninges

A

superior/superficial to the dura mater

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16
Q

subdural bleeds occur where in the meniges

A

deep to the dura mater

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17
Q

how do nasal infections cause neurological problems

A

nose drains into the cavernous sinus of the posterior area of the nasal sinuses and into the brain –> makes infections of brain easy

18
Q

how many cervical nerves

A

8 (7 cervical vertebrae)

19
Q

how many thoracic nerves

A

12

20
Q

how many lumbar nerves

A

5 (LP is between 3 &4)

21
Q

how many sacral nerves

A

5

22
Q

what’s the conus medullaris and where is it

A

end of the spinal cord at L1 (L2 if a child)

23
Q

what is cauda equina

A

spine nerves and roots from the conus medullaris

24
Q

afferent neurons are…

A

the neurons of the afferent division of the PNS

responsible for body’s perception of senses of outside world feeding into the brain

25
Q

Afferent neurons run on the ____ and are responsible for detection of ____. These neurons decussate at ___.

A

anterolateral tract

detect pain/temp

decussate at spinal cord level at corresponding nerve root for the stimulus

26
Q

Afferent neurons can also run on a second tract called the ___. This tract is responsible for ____. These neurons decussate at ___.

A

Dorsal column tract

resonsible for 2-point discrimination, pressure, vibration, joint position sense (proprioception of the body)

decussate at medulla

27
Q

synapse order for the dorsal column system

A

reception of stimulus travels to spinal cord

enters medulla oblongata and synapses

post-synaptic neuron decussates at medulla oblongata and travels to thalamus

that neuron (third) synapses in thalmus and then travels to the postcentral gyrus for cognitive recognition

28
Q

synapse order for the anterolateral system

A

reception of stimulus travels to spinal cord

synapses in at that nerve root and decussates

this second order neuron travels to medulla oblongata to the thalamus

synapses in thalamus and sends the third order neuron to the post central gyrus

29
Q

What sensations decussate at the spinal cord level (anterolateral tract)?

A

pain
temp
coarse touch

30
Q

What sensations decussate at the medulla oblongata level (dorsal column tract)?

A

fine touch
vibration
proprioception

31
Q

injury to the right side that causes neurological damage will result in ____ on the right side (ipslateral) and ____ on the left side (contralateral).

A

Loss of function on the right side. Loss of proprioception and vibration on the right side.

Loss of pain and temperature sensations on the left side.

32
Q

Problems with upper motor neurons (of primary motor cortex) result in ____.

A

hyperreflexia

33
Q

Problems with lower motor neurons (of peripheral) result in ____.

A

areflexia

34
Q

What causes neurotransmitters to be released?

a. Acetylcholine
b. Potassium
c. Norepinephrine
d. Sodium
e. Calcium

A

e. Calcium

35
Q

During an action potential, what causes the cell surface to become more positive?

a. Potassium entering the cell
b. Sodium entering the cell
c. Na/K pump
d. Potassium leaving the cell
e. Sodium leaving the cell

A

b. Sodium entering the cell

36
Q

What cranial nerve allows the eye to look toward the ipsilateral ear?

a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
e. 7

A

d. 6

37
Q

A 77 year old patient being treated for Afib with Coumadin sustains a falls. Her initial evaluation after the fall is normal but 48 hours later she is confused and ataxic. What’s the most likely Dx?

a. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
b. Subdural hemorrage
c. Ischemic Stroke
d. Epidural hemorrhage
e. TIA

A

b. Subdural hemorrage

38
Q

A DOC offender is shanked in the back. The knife cuts the right side of the spinal cord leaving the left side intact. Given this scenario which of the following are true?

a. Loss of movement (paralysis) on the left
b. Loss of two point discrimination on the left
c. Loss of pain sensation of the left
d. Loss of proprioception of the left
e. Loss of fine movement of the left

A

c. Loss of pain sensation of the left

39
Q

What receptor is on the postsynaptic neuron?

a. N-receptor
b. M2-receptor
c. β2-receptor
d. α1-receptor
e. α2-receptor

A

a. N-receptor

40
Q

A man sustains a complete spinal cord injury at L5. Given your vast knowledge of A&P, which of the following would you expect to find to be true?

a. He cannot obtain an erections
b. He has lost his ability to ejaculate
c. Loss of temperature sensation only on the right
d. Loss of pain sensation only on the left
e. Loss of pain sensation only on the right

A

a. He cannot obtain an erections

Neurology (12 decks)

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