A&P Flashcards
3 parts of an atom
Proton- positive; in nucleus
Neutron- neutral; in nucleus
Electron- negative; outside nucleus
3 needs of living things
Food, water, oxygen, constant temperature
Amount of matter
Mass
Anything that has mass and volume
Matter
Approximately equal to the total of protons and neutrons
Atomic weight
Assemblage of all other groups of matter
Organism
Atoms that have gained or lost electrons and have a electrons and have a electrostatic charge
Ion
Types of cells:
Basic nerves cells are called what
Neurons
Basic unit of all matter
Atom
Type of tissue:
Beneath skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, on the surface of the heart
Adipose
Type of tissue:
Beneath skin, between muscles, and beneath epithelial tissues
Areolar
Type of tissue:
Between the bony parts of the spinal column, parts of the pelvic girdle and knee
Fibrocartlige
Type of tissue:
Binds organs together and holds tissue fluids
Areolar tissue
Types of cells:
Bone cells
Osteocytes
Bone matrix is thin layers
Lamellae
Types of systems:
Brain, spinal chord, and peripheral nerves
Nervous
Types of systems:
Carries oxygen rich blood to the cells
Cardiovascular
Types of cells:
Cartilage cells
Chondrocytes
Cavity that contains the heart
Mediastinum
A chemical change caused by the breaking, forming or sharing bonds
Reaction
Cell parts:
Clear jelly like fluid in the cell that holds the organelles and it is the site for many chemical reactions
Cytoplasm
Combinations of proteins and carbohydrates that make fingernails and toenails
Glycoproteins
Combining two or more substances into a new substance
Synthesis
Compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and nitrogen
Proteins
Types of solutions:
The concentration of solutes inside the cell is the same as the concentration outside of the cell
Isotonic solutions
Types of solutions:
The concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside of the cell
HypERtonic solution
Types of solutions:
The concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside of the cell
HypOtonic solution
Cell parts:
Contains digestive enzymes to break down excess or worn out cell parts
Lysosomes
Cell parts:
Contains enzymes that are catalysts for liver and kidney functions
Peroxisomes
Cell parts:
Contains DNA for the cell
Chromatin
Cell parts:
The control center for the cell, it controls all of the activities of the cell
Nucleus
Types of systems:
Control/regulation of other systems
Nervous
Controlled by conscious thought
Voluntary
Diffusion of water molecules
Osmosis
DNA is
Nucleic acid
Doesn’t dissolve in water
Organic compounds
Enzymes are types of
Protein
Types of systems:
Excretion of wastes, fluid, and electrolyte balance
Urinary
Feels slimy
Bases
Framework of external ear and parts of the larynx
Elastic cartridge
Functions in protein synthesis
RNA
Types of systems:
Gas exchange, acid-base balance
Respiratory
Glands that make ear wax
Ceruminous
Groups of cells with similar structure and function
Tissue
How many amino acids compose most of our proteins
20
How many calories in 1 gram of lipid
9
How many calories in 1 gram of protein
4.5
Intercellular material
Matrix
Is one of the involuntary muscles
Cardiac or smooth muscles
Cell parts:
It controls what goes into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
Light and dark bands in skeletal muscle
Striations
A liquid droplet taken into the cell
Pinocytosis
List 2 characteristics of living things
Respond and reproduce
Located near blood vessels and release heparin and histamine
Mast cells
Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils
Lymphatic
Major component of blood and other body fluids
Water
Cell parts:
Makes proteins; they are sometimes called protein factories
Ribosomes
Makes up about 2/3 of the body’s weight
Water
Type of tissue:
The matrix is in layers
Bone
Means more than one layer
Stratified
Cell parts:
Modifies the proteins in the cell and sends them to correct organelle
Golgi apparatus
The molecules are bonded to a carrier molecule
Receptor mediated
Molecules are forced to move from higher pressure areas to lower pressure areas
Filtration
Most common, large star shaped cells that produce fibers in the matrix
Fibroblasts
Type of tissue:
Movements of the internal organs
Smooth muscles
Moving of substances out of the cell
Exocytosis
Type of tissue:
Muscle that has light and dark bands
Striated muscle
Type of tissue:
Muscles with the smallest of the muscle fibers
Smooth
Type of tissue:
Nose, ends of bones, rings in the walls of respiratory passages
Hyaline cartilage
Not controlled by conscious thought
Involuntary
The number that represents the number of protons in an element
Atomic number
Oil glands of skin
Sebaceous
Type of tissue:
One of the tissues with lacunae
Cartilage or bone
One or more cells that secrete substances
Gland
The only sugar that the body can use
Glucose
pH is greater than 7
Bases
Types of systems:
Pituitary glands, adrenals, pancreas ect..
Endocrine
A positive ion
Cation
Prevents blood clotting
Heparin
Types of systems:
Process of breaking down food to provide energy
Digestion
Process of getting rid of wastes
Excretion
Process of maintaining balance in the body
Homeostasis
Types of systems:
Process of making new cells or new organisms
Reproduction
Process of molecules moving from an area of great concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
Produce thicker fluids
Mucus
Produce watery fluids with high concentration of enzymes
Serous
Produces the ribosomes
Nucleolus
Types of systems:
Production and nurturing of offspring
Reproductive
Promotes reactions linked with inflammation and allergies
Histamine
Types of systems:
Protection, temperature, regulation, sensation
Integumentary
Type of tissue:
Protects, insulates, stores fat
Adipose
Proteins that fight foreign substances in the body
Antibodies
Proteins that work as catalysts
Enzymes
Provides support, framework, and protection
Bone
Pumps the blood
Cardiac muscles
Revives the stimulus
Receptors
Release hydrogen ions
Acids
Released from the body by the lungs as a waste product
Carbon dioxide
Secrete into ducts or onto an organ surface
Exocrine
Secrete into tissue fluid or blood
Endocrine
Type of tissue:
Sensory reception and conduction of nerve impulses
Nervous tissue
Separating a substance into simpler components
Decomposition
A series of tubules that transports lipids and proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
The simple sugars
Monosaccharides
Types of systems:
Skeletal muscles and tendons
Muscular
Types of systems:
The skeleton
Bone
Small chambers in the matrix
Lacunae
Small hairlike extensions that are used for motion
Cilia
Small molecules that are the building blocks for proteins
Amino acids
Smallest self-Contained unit of living substance
Cell
A solid particle taken into the cell
Phagocytosis
Starches are types of
Carbohydrates
Start as white blood cells that move and act as phagocytes to clear foreign particles from the tissues
Macrophages
Steroids are a type of
Fats
Types of systems:
Stomach, intestines, esophagus, ect..
Digestive
Types of studies:
Study of children and their diseases
Pediatrics
Study of dead bodies and what may have been wrong with them
Pathology
Types of studies:
Study of drugs and their uses in the treatment of disease
Pharmacy
Types of studies:
Study of the elderly and their diseases
Geriatrics
Types of studies:
Study of how the body functions
Physiology
Types of studies:
Study of poisons
Toxicology
Types of studies:
Study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes
Chemistry
Types of studies:
Study of the heart and heart disease
Cardiology
Types of studies:
Study of the structure of the body
Anatomy
Substance that controls the rate of reaction without being consumed
Catalysts
Substance that is composed of only one kind of atom
Element
Types of systems:
Supports soft tissues, protects organs, and stores minerals
Skeletal
Type of tissue:
Supports, protects, and absorbs shock
Fibrocartilage
Type of tissue:
Supports, protects, and provides flexible framework
Elastic and hyaline cartilage
Substances that dissolve in water and carry an electric current
Electrolytes
Tastes sour
Acids
They secrete mucus to protect the surface of tissue and are transparent, containing no nucleus
Goblet cells
Thick threads of the protein collagen that are flexible and strong
Collagenous fibers
Thin collagenous fibers that branch
Reticular fibers
Thin fibers of the protein elastin, stretches and returns to normal
Elastic fibers
Type of tissue:
Throughout the circulatory system
Blood
Type of tissue:
Tissue that contain large vacuoles for fat storage
Adipose
Tissues with a blood supply
Vascular
Tissues with no blood supply
Avascular
Cell parts:
Transforms stored food molecules into energy to be used by cells
Mitochondria
Type of tissue:
Transports substances and helps maintain
Blood
Two or more atoms that are bonded together are called this
Compound or molecule
Used for respiration
Oxygen
Types of studies:
Using X-rays to study diseases
Radiology
Type of tissue:
Usually attached to bones
Striated muscle
Type of tissue:
Voluntary movements of the skeleton
striated muscle
Type of tissue:
Walls of the heart
Cardiac muscle
Type of tissue:
Walls of the hollow internal organs
Smooth muscles
A waterproof protein found in the surface layers of stratified squamous epithelial tissues
Keratin
What are the 4 parts of blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
What happens to cells placed in an isotonic solution
Nothing- no change
What is one function of fats (lipids)
Store energy
What is one function of proteins?
Provide building material
Wjat is the standard anatomical position?
Head erect, standing , arms done by sides with palms facing forward
What is the difference between active and passive transport
Active cell provides energy
What number is neutral pH?
7
Which type of carbohydrates are better for your diet
Complex
Which type of fat can cause heart problems
Saturated
Cell parts:
Whiplike extension used for movement
Flagellum
Why would a person need dialysis
Kidney failure
