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Leah Eldred > A & P 3 > Flashcards

A & P 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods so that nutrients can be absorbed by cells.

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2
Q

6 essential activities

A

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption, defecation

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3
Q

2 types of movement

A

Peristalsis, Segmentation

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4
Q

Peristalsis

A

Adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food along the tract distally.

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5
Q

Segmentation

A

Nonadjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food forward then backward.
Food mixing and slow food propulsion occur.

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6
Q

Peritoneum (visceral and parietal)

A

Peritoneum-serous membrane of abdominal cavity
Visceral Peritoneum:on external surface of most digestive organs
Parietal Peritoneum:lines body wall

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7
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Between two peritoneums
Fluid lubricates mobile organs

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8
Q

Messentaries

A

Lesser Omentum, Mesentary, Greater Omentum

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9
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of peritoneum
Causes by e.g., piercing abdominal wound, perforating ulcer, ruptured appendix Treated with debris removal and antibiotics

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10
Q

Hepatic portal Circulation

A

Drains nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs
Delivers it to the liver for processing

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11
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

muscular tube about 9 meters long that passes through the body’s ventral cavity.

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12
Q

4 layers of the alimentary canal

A

Inner: Mucosa
submucosa
muscular
Outer: serosa

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13
Q

Mucosa

A

lined with epithelium attached to connective tissue; it protects tissues of the canal and carries on secretion and absorption.

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14
Q

Lumen

A

space inside the intestine

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15
Q

Submucosa

A

loose connective tissue housing blood lymph vessels and nerves; it nourishes the surrounding layers of the canal.

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16
Q

muscular layer

A

consists of inner circular fibers and outer longitudinal fibers that propel food through the canal.

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17
Q

Serosa

A

composed of the visceral peritoneum that protects underlying tissues and secretes serous fluid to keep the canal from sticking to other tissues in the abdominal cavity.

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18
Q

Mixing Movements

A

occurs when smooth muscle contracts in small sections of the tube.
In the small intestine segmentation aids by alternatively contracting and relaxing the smooth muscle

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19
Q

Propelling Movements

A

also called peristalsis; is caused by contraction behind a mass of food as relaxation allows the mass to enter the next segment of the tube

20
Q

The first portion of the alimentary canal + the 4 part

A

The Mouth
1. teeth
2. tongue
3. tonsils
4. salivary glands

21
Q

Salivary Glands

A

secrete saliva which moistens and dissolves food particles, binding them together

22
Q

What type of cells do salivary glands contain

A

They contain serous cells that produce salivary amylase.
They also contain mucous cells that produce lubricating and binding mucous

23
Q

What type of stimulation do salivary glands receive

A

They receive parasympathetic stimulation

24
Q

3 Major Salivary Glands

A
  1. Parotid Glands
  2. Submandibular Glands
  3. Sublingual Glands
25
Q

Parotid Glands

A

lye in front of the ear
largest salivary gland
secretes a clear watery fluid rich in amylase

26
Q

Submandibular Glands

A

located on the floor of the mouth
secrete a viscous fluid

27
Q

Sublingual Glands

A

inferior to the tongue
smallest salivary gland
secretes a thick and stringy saliva

28
Q

Pharynx

A

connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus.
3 portions
nasopharynx (top portion)
oropharynx
Laryngopharynx(bottom portion)

29
Q

3 stages of swallowing

A
  1. food is mixed with saliva forming a bolus and voluntarily being forced into the pharynx with the tongue
  2. Sensory receptors in the pharynx sense food, which triggers swallowing reflexes
  3. Peristalsis transports the food in the esophagus to the stomach
30
Q

Esophagus

A

a straight collapsible passageway leading to the stomach

31
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

helps to prevent regurgitation of the stomach contents into the esophagus

32
Q

Stomach

A

J-shaped muscular organ that receives and mixes food with the digestive juices, and propels food to the small intestine

33
Q

5 divisions of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body region, pylorus, and a pyloric canal

34
Q

Gastric Glands contain what types of cells

A

3 types of secretory cells
1. Mucous cells
2. Chief cells
3. Parietal cells

35
Q

Mucuos cells in the stomach

A

produces mucous that protects the stomach lining

36
Q

Chief cells

A

secrete pepsin(to digest protein) as inactive pepsinogen, which is activated when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid

37
Q

Parietal cells

A

secrete hydrochloric acid

38
Q

intrinsic factor

A

another component of gastric juice;
it is required for B12 absorption from the small intestine

39
Q

Gastric Juice

A

products of mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells make up gastric juice

40
Q

Mixing and Emptying actions

A
  1. Following a meal, mixing actions of the stomach turn the food into chyme and pass it toward the pyloric region using peristalsis
41
Q

Pancreas

A

has an exocrine function of producing pancreatic juice that aids in digestion

42
Q

pancreatic acinar cells

A

produces pancreatic juice and makes up the bulk of the pancreas; it eventually gives rise to the pancreatic duct

43
Q

Liver

A

reddish brown; the body’s largest internal organ and is separated by hepatic lobules

44
Q

What separates hepatic cells

A

hepatic sinusoids

45
Q

Kupffer cells

A

carry on phagocytosis in the liver

46
Q
A

Leah Eldred (2 decks)

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