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a&p for flashcardlet > A&P 2 > Flashcards

A&P 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five anterior muscles of the elbow?

A 
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis 
Pronator teres 
Pronator quadratus
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2
Q

What are the three posterior muscles of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Supinator

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3
Q

What is the primary actions of the BICEPS BRACHII?

A

Flexion

Supination

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4
Q

Origins
~Superglenoid tubercle
~Coracoid process

Insertion
~Radial tuberosity

A

Biceps brachii

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5
Q

What is the primary actions of the BRACHIALIS?

A

Flexion

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6
Q

What muscle is the only true flexor of the elbow joint?

A

The Brachialis

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7
Q

Origin
~Distal half of anterior portion of the humerus

Insertion
~Coronoid process of the ulna

A

Brachialis

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8
Q

What is the primary actions of the BRACHIORADIALIS?

A

Flexion
Pronation
Supination

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9
Q

Origin
~Distal two-thirds of the lateral condyloid (supracondylar) ridge of the humerus

Insertion
~Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius at styloid process

A

Brachioradialis

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10
Q

What are the primary actions of the PRONATOR TERES?

A

Pronation

Weak elbow flexion

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11
Q

Origin
~Distal part of medial condyloid ridge of humerus; medial side of ulna

Insertion
~Middle third of the lateral surface of the radius

A

Pronator teres

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12
Q

What is the primary action of the PRONATOR QUADRATUS?

A

Pronation

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13
Q

Origin
~Distal fourth of anterior side of the ulna

Insertion
~Distal fourth of anterior side of the radius

A

Pronator quadratus

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14
Q

What are the primary actions of the TRICEPS BRACHII?

A

Extension (all heads)

extension and adduction of the shoulder (Long head)

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15
Q

What is an important fact about the TRICEPS BRACHII?

A

The triceps brachii has a long, medial, and lateral head.

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16
Q

Origin
~Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
~Upper half of posterior surface of the humerus
~Distal two-thirds of posterior surface of the humerus

Insertion
~Olecranon process of the ulna

A

Triceps brachii

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17
Q

What are the primary actions of the ANCONEUS?

A

Extension

CHIEF function is to pull the synovial membrane of the elbow joint out of the way of the advancing olecranon process

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18
Q

Origin
~Posterior surface of lateral condyle of the humerus

Insertion
~Posterior surface of upper ulna and olecranon process

A

Anconeus

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19
Q

What is the primary action of the SUPINATOR?

A

Supination

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20
Q

Origin
~Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
~Neighboring posterior part of the ulna

Insertion
~Lateral surface of proximal radius just below the head

A

Supinator

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21
Q

What are the primary movements of the FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS?

A

Flexion (of the wrist)
Abduction
Weak elbow flexion

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22
Q

Origin
~Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion
~Base of the second and third metacarpal, anterior (palmer) surface

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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23
Q

What are the primary actions of the PALMARIS LONGUS?

A

Flexion (of the wrist)

Weak elbow flexion

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24
Q

Origin
~Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion
~Palaris aponeurosis of the second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals

A

Palmaris longus

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25
Q

What are the primary actions of the EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS?

A

Extension (of the wrist)
Abduction
Weak elbow extension

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26
Q

Origin
~Lower one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion
~Base of second metacarpal (dorsal surface)

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

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27
Q

What are the primary actions of the FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS?

A

Flexion (of the wrist)
Adduction
Weak elbow flexion

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28
Q

Origin
~Medial epicondyle of the humerus, posterior aspect of proximal ulna

Insertion
~Pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

29
Q

What are the primary actions of the EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS?

A

Extension
Adduction
Weak elbow extension

30
Q

Origin
~Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
~Middle two-fourths of the posterior border of the ulna

Insertion
~Base of the fifth metacarpal (dorsal surface)

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

31
Q

What are the primary actions of the EXTENSOR DIGITORUM?

A

Extension of the wrist and fingers

Weak elbow extension

32
Q

Origin
~Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion
~Four tendons to bases of middle and distal phalanges of four fingers (dorsal surface)

A

Extensor digitorum

33
Q

Origin
~Outer third of inguinal ligament, inner rim of iliac crest, inner surface of cartilage of lower six ribs, lumbar fascia

Insertion
~Crest of pubis, iliopectineal line, and linea alba joining its fellow from the other side

A

Transverse abdominis

34
Q

What is the primary action of the TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS?

A

Forced expiration by pulling the abdominal wall inward

35
Q

Origin
~Medial clavicle
~Manubrium of the sternum

Insertion
~Mastoid process

A

Sternocleidomastoid

36
Q

What are the two splenius muscles?

A

Cervicis and Capitis

37
Q

Origin
~Spinous processes of third through sixth thoracic vertebrae

Insertion
~Transverse processes of first three cervical vertebrae

A

Cervicis

38
Q

What are the primary actions of the splenius muscles?

A

Head and neck extension

Head rotation and lateral flexion

39
Q

Origin
~Spinous processes of the seventh cervical and the upper three or four thoracic vertebrae

Insertion
~Mastoid processes and the occipital bone

A

Capitis

40
Q

What are the three Erector spinae muscles?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

41
Q

Origin
~Superior sacrum

Insertion
~Posterior ribs and cervical transverse processes

A

Iliocostalis

42
Q

Origin
~Superior sacrum

Insertion
~Cervical and thoracic transverse processes and the mastoid process

A

Longissimus

43
Q

Origin
~Upper lumbar and lower thoracic spinous processes

Insertion
~Cervical and thoracic spinous processes and the occipital bone

A

Spinalis

44
Q

What are the primary actions of the three Erector spinae muscles?

A

Spinal extension

lateral flexion

45
Q

Origin
~Posterior inner lip of iliac crest

Insertion
~Approximately one half length of the twelfth rib and transverse process of the upper four lumbar vertebrae

A

Quadratus lumborum

46
Q

What are the primary actions of the QUADRATUS LUMBORUM?

A

Lateral flexion

Stabilization of the pelvis and lumbar spine

47
Q

Origin
~Borders of lower eight ribs at side of chest, dovetailing with serratus anterior muscle

Insertion
~Anterior half of crest of ilium, inguineal ligament, crest of pubis, facia of rectus abdominis (lower front)

A

Exteranl oblique

48
Q

What are the primary actions of the EXTERNAL OBLIQUE?

A

Lumbar flexion
Lateral flexion
Lumbar rotation

49
Q

Origin
~Upper half of inguineal ligament, anterior two-thirds of crest of ilium, lumbar fascia

Insertion
~Costal cartilages of eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs, linea alba

A

Internal oblique

50
Q

What are the primary actions of the INTERNAL OBLIQUE?

A

Lumbar flexion
Lateral flexion
Lumbar rotation

51
Q

Origin
~Crest of pubis

Insertion
~Cartilage of fith, sixth, and seventh ribs
~Xiphoid process

A

Rectus abdominis

52
Q

What are the primary actions of the RECTUS ABDOMINIS?

A

Lumbar flexion

Lateral flexion

53
Q

What is an important fact about the EXTENSOR DIGITORUM?

A

It is the only muscle involved in the extension of ALL FOUR fingers

54
Q

What are the causes for elbow busitis?

A

~Tip of the elbow receives a sharp blow and injures the bura

~Reapeated falls irritates the bursa wall

55
Q

What is the treatment for elbow bursitis?

A

~Ice twice daily for 20 mins
~Asprin
~5 days-1 week
~Extreme cases– drain the sac and inject cortisone

56
Q

What are the causes for lateral humeral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?

A 
~Excessive strain on the muscular attachments
~Backhand 90% and forehand 10%
~Improper form
~Racquet too heavy
~Playing on grass or cement
~Too much tension on strings
~Oversized grip
57
Q

What is the treatment for lateral humeral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?

A

~Rest and asprin

~Tennis lessons

58
Q

What are the causes of ulnar neuritis?

A

~The ulnar nerve stretches or becomes loose

~Throwing or racquet sports that “twang” the nerve

59
Q

What is the treatment for ulnat neuritis?

A

~Rest and asprin
~Relief in 4-6 weeks
~Extreme cases require surgery

60
Q

What are the causes for little league/pitcher’s elbow?

A

~Powerful throwing motions cause wear and tear at the medial epicondyle
~Growth plate in children
~Tendon attachment in adults

61
Q

What is the treatment for little league/pitcher’s elbow?

A

~Stop throwing and take asprin
~Relief in 4-6 weeks —- longer in children if gap had developed at growth plate
~Extreme cases surgery is necessary to restore growth center

62
Q

What is the cause of a wrist sprain?

A

Excessive range of motion causes a tear in a ligament or joint capsule

63
Q

What is the treatment of a wrist sprain?

A

~Rest and immobilization

~Splint followed by adhesive tape

64
Q

What is the cause for DeQuervain’s tendinitis?

A

Overuse throwing or racquet sports inflames tendon sheath and causes excess synovial fluid

65
Q

What is the treatment of DeQuervain’s tendinitis?

A

~Ice twice daily for 20 mins
~Immobilization and asprin
~Multiple tendons may require surgery

66
Q

What are the causes for a carpal navicular fracture?

A

~A fall or impact to an outstretched hand

~Navicular is driven into the radius

67
Q

What are the primary actions of the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID?

A

Head and neck flexion

Head rotation and lateral flexion

67
Q

What is the treatment for a carpal navicular fracture?

A

~Immobilization (casting)
~Frequent x-rays (navicular heals slowly)
~Healing take 3 months

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