a&p 2 Flashcards
carbon monoxide shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in what direction
left
what rib is adjacent to the sternal
2nd
list 5 accessory muscles of inspiration
sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pect major/minor, trapezius, serratus anterior/posterior, sacrospinalis
the lung bud differentiates into discernible structures by the ____ week of gestation
4th
in a healthy person is the pleural pressure more or less negative at the apices in a sitting position compared to the bases
more negative at the apices
what is a patients pulse pressure if his blood pressure is 140/100 mmhg
40 torr
define the interstitial space
potential space b/w the basement membranes of the alveolus epithelium and capillary epithelium
what is the pressure gradient b/w the mouth and the alveolus during normal tidal breathing in cmh2o
-3 - -5 cm h2o
what makes lung volumes change
synchronized stretching and contracting of all alveoli
in the lung what are the 3 vagal sensory receptors
irritant receptors, bronchopulmonary stretch receptors, t receptors
what are the 2 pathways that are largely responsible for collateral movement of air throughout the lung
pores of kohn and channels of lambert
what is the normal ratio of ciliated cells to goblet cells in the tracheobronchial epithelium
5:1
what measurable pressure provides a close approximation of pleural pressures
esophageal pressures
if isotropic alveolar enlargement or stretching is the primary mode of lung volume change, then alveolar surface area will change to what power of the lung volume
2/3
define paradoxical pulse
when the systolic blood pressure during expiration is 10mmhg or more than during inspiration
the diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve arising from the spinal cord roots of c what
c3,4,5
surfactant prevents alveolar collapse by
reducing surface tension as alveolar volume falls
T/F the bronchial circulation originates almost exclusively from the pulmonary artery
false aorta
T/F the removal of surfactant normally from the lungs is accomplished by phagocytic activity
false removal is unclear
pulmonary artery branches that do not accompany airways are called what
supernumerary arteries
list 4 accessory muscles of expiration
latissimus dorsi, internal intercostal, rectus abdominis, internal/external oblique, transverse abdominis
what does the terminal respiratory unit consist of
the respiratory bronchioles and its divisions
what is an average pulmonary artery pressure
25/8
according to farzan what is the speed of mucus
10-20 mm/min
name 4 of the 7 functions of the circulatory system
respiration, nutrition, metabolism, chemical homeostasis, movement of cells and coagulation factors, exertion, heat transport
the volume of the conductive zone of the lungs comprises what
the anatomic deadspace
according to burton what is the rate at which the mucous blanket is propelled by the cilia toward the pharynx
1000 strokes per minute
state which of the following is the most diffusible across the blood brain barrier: hco3, h+, co2
co2
idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is also known as
cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
which pathogen is mostly attributed to cause bronciolitis
RSV
the most important gram negative coccobacilli responsible for respiratory infections is
haemophilus influenzae
what is hematocrit
the volume percentage of rbc’s in the whole blood
in normal lung approx. how much pressure is required to achieve a tidal volume of 500 ml
3.0 cmh2o
in the normal adult what is the weight in grams of the right lung
600 grams
what is absolute hemoglobin deficiendy
it is anemia, with a quantitative lack of circulating hemoglobin, seriously impairing the o2 carrying capacity of blood
what is the other name for mucoviscidosis
cystic fibrosis
what type of disease is chronic bronchitis; obstructive or restrictive
obstructive
what pulmonary disease state is associated with an excess of surfactant
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
the tunica intima of arterioles is extensively innervated by postsynaptic nerve fibers of which division of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic
an individuals total blood volume is equal to about ______ ml per kg of body weight
70-72 ml/kg
which blood vessels consist of only one layer the tunica intima
capillaries
what factor do u multiply times the pco2 to determine carbonic acid
0.03
what are the 2 vascular systems that delivers blood to the lungs
pulmonary circulation and bronchial circulation
what name is given to receptors found at parasympathetic effector sites
muscarinic receptors
what do the distal respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli make up
terminal respiratory units
what are alternate channels for gas movement to distal respiratory units
canal of lambert
how many ml of o2 is physically dissolved in every 100 ml of blood
0.003 ml
a cluster of 3-5 terminal bronchioles each with its appended terminal respiratory unit is called what
a lobule
in what unit is resistance measured
cm h2o per liter per second
what is the pathway for collateral ventilation b/w contiguous lobules called
canals of lambert
what does the terminal respiratory unit consist of
respiratory bronchiole and its divisions
cyanide poisoning results in what type of hypoxia
histotoxic hypoxia
the oblique fissure isolates which lobes
the right lower lobe from the right middle and right upper lobes
what is the advantage of the steep portion of the o2 hb curve
unloading o2 with small drop in pao2
