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sputum bowl > a&p 1 > Flashcards

a&p 1 Flashcards

1
Q

according to burton what is the approximate surface area of the alveolar capillary membrane

A

50-100 m2

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2
Q

an indirect index of subject effort on the mvv maneuver may be obtained by multiplying the fev1 by what factor

A

35

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3
Q

frc - erv =

A

rv

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4
Q

what is the function of soda lime in a water seal type spirometer

A

co2 absorption

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5
Q

state how an air bubble will affect the ph, paco2, and pao2 resuls of an abg

A

ph will increase, paco2 will decrease, and pao2 will approach atmospheric po2 levels

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6
Q

a change in lung volume produced by a change in pressure reflects what

A

the compliance

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7
Q

what is the diameter of the last generation of airways to contain cartilage in their walls

A

terminal bronchi 1.0mm

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8
Q

during what week of gestation does the diaphragm usually develop

A

week 7

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9
Q

the hering breur reflex carries impulses from the lung to the brain through what nerve

A

vagus

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10
Q

what is the average diameter of the alveoli at age 70

A

200 micrometers

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11
Q

which pleural surface is most sensitive to pain

A

parietal

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12
Q

how man mEq of carbonic acid do the lungs excrete per day

A

10,000

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13
Q

administration of 100% o2 has what effect on the pulmonary vasculature

A

dilation

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14
Q

during inspiration, the ribs swing outward and upward, each pushing against the rib above during elevation, what is this movement called

A

bucket handle movement

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15
Q

the apneustic center is located in the pons. apneusis is a condition in which ventilation stops in which respiratory phase (position)

A

inspiratory

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16
Q

what is another name for type II alveolar cells and what is its function

A

granular pneumocyte/surfactant production

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17
Q

name 3 major types of lung receptors

A
  1. pulmonary stretch receptors
  2. irritant c receptors
  3. j receptors
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18
Q

a reduction in what liquid promotes alveolar instability and atelectasis

A

surfactant

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19
Q

the entire cardiac output to the pulmonary arterial circulation is delivered by

A

the right ventricle

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20
Q

what is the term used to refer to a prolonged pause at full inspiration

A

apneusis

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21
Q

surfactants ability to lower surface tension depends on

A

geometry

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22
Q

according to respiratory care magazine the optimum level of peep is 10 cmh2o bc it is associated with the best tissue oxygen delivery which is ______ mlo2/min

A

933.8

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23
Q

what is the normal value for chest wall complaince

A

0.125 - 0.209 liters/cm of h2o

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24
Q

what is the width of the membrane separating capillary blood flow from alveoli

A

b/w .01 and .5 micrometers

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25
Q

the pco2 in both blood and alveolar gas depend on 3 major factors what are they

A

ventilation, cardiac output, and matching of v/q relationships in the lung

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26
Q

deflation receptors in the lung that stimulate inflation are called

A

herring-breuer reflexes

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27
Q

what is the approximate diameter of the terminal bronchioles

A

0.6 mm

28
Q

control of systemic circulation is governed by 4 major mechanisms

A
  1. autonomic control
  2. hormonal control
  3. mechanical control
  4. local factors
29
Q

the pulmonary circulation has 5 additional functions besides gas exchange name 2

A

1- acts as a filter of venous drainage

2. serves as a reservoir of blood for the left ventricle

30
Q

what substance secreted by the pituitary gland is instrumental in regulating body fluid content and concentration by adjustment of urine output

A

ADH

31
Q

normal stroke volume of each ventricle is

A

70 ml

32
Q

how is o2 consumption determined

A

by calculating the difference b/w the amount of o2 inhaled and exhaled

33
Q

the right hemidiaphragm is normally located one interspace _____ than the left side

A

higher

34
Q

what type of epithelium covers the large airways

A

ciliated pseudastratified columnar epithelium

35
Q

to which structure of the airway do the arytenoid cartilages belong

A

larynx

36
Q

what is the length of the left main stem bronchus

A

5 cm long

37
Q

the o2 affinity of hemoglobin is strongly influenced by changes in intracellular ph what is this effect called

A

bohr effect

38
Q

what % of the bodies total o2 consumption is utilized by the heart

A

10%

39
Q

ventricular depolarization is represented by which wave on the ekg

A

t wave

40
Q

the mean pulmonary arterial pressure at rest is less than 12 mmhg and rises to what level during exercise

A

15 mmhg

41
Q

in the normal adult what is the weight in grams of the left lung

A

550 grams

42
Q

the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli increase in number until what age

A

8

43
Q

how many polygonal shaped alveolus are there in the normal human

A

3 million

44
Q

what are the conducting airways

A

trachea, l & r mainstem bronchus, bronchioles, and terminal bronchiole

45
Q

how many divisional generations of the airway are there from the nasopharynx to the alveoli

A

23-25

46
Q

how many segments comprise the left upper lobe of the lung

A

two

47
Q

in addition to type II cells what cells are thought to secrete alveolar surface active material

A

clara cells

48
Q

how is resistance calculated

A

pressure difference/rate of flow

49
Q

does diffusion capacity change with exercise; if so how

A

yes it increases

50
Q

what are the 2 names of the segments of the right ML

A

Lateral and medial

51
Q

what is the major function of the larynx

A

sound production

52
Q

what accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the airway resistance during nasal breathing at low flow rates

A

the nose

53
Q

state the henderson-hasselbach equation

A

ph = pk + log (base/acid)

54
Q

what are the 3 portions of the sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid

55
Q

is the oblique fissure a unilateral or bilateral line

A

bilateral

56
Q

is the bundle of his part of the electrical or mechanical system of the heart

A

electrical

57
Q

collateral ventilation b/w bronchioles occurs where

A

canals of lambert

58
Q

when gathering data for calculation of the pA-ao2 difference is an arterial blood gas required

A

yes

59
Q

what are the 3 layers of the arteries

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

60
Q

when a patient is said to have hypoxia where is the oxygen deficiency

A

the cells

61
Q

by what week is the bronchial tree developed

A

16th

62
Q

what are the boundaries of the lower airways

A

true vocal cords to terminal air spaces

63
Q

define airway resistance

A

functional resistance afforded by the entire system of air passages to airflow from outside the body to within the alveoli

64
Q

what causes rapid, shallow breathing when stimulated by pulmonary congestion and edema, micro embolism and inhalation of certain chemical substances

A

type j pulmonary receptors

65
Q

what is the approximate height of each of the cartilage rings in the adult trachea

A

4-5 mm

66
Q

in the developing fetus the pleura arises from what

A

mesoderm

67
Q

surfactant is a phospholipid composed of mainly what

A

dipalmitoyl lecithin

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