a&p 19 & 20

Question 1

inferior nasal conchae

Answer 1

• inferior most part of lateral nasal wall
• small scroll-like bones
• unpaired
• covered in mucosal lining with vascular supply

Question 2

where is inferior nasal conchae

Answer 2

inferior most part of lateral nasal wall

Question 3

sinuses

Answer 3

• air filled spaces & thin membrane
• covered by ciliated epithelium

Question 4

what are the four pairs of accessory sinuses that drain into nasal cavities

Answer 4

frontal sinuses, maxillary sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, and sphenoid sinuses

Question 5

tongue

Answer 5

• intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
• median fibrous septum
• dorsum - superiopr surface
• base
• lingual papillae
• invested with taste buds to convey the gustatory sense
• lingual frenulum
  sublingual folds

Question 6

median fibrous septum

Answer 6

divides it into left or right halves

Question 7

septum of tongue

Answer 7

originates at body of hyoid bone and creates tongue attachment with hyoid

Question 8

where is base of tongue

Answer 8

resides in oropharynx

Question 9

lingual papillae of tongue

Answer 9

small irregular prominences on the surface of tongue

Question 10

lingual frenulum

Answer 10

joins the inferior tongue and mandible

Question 11

sublingual folds

Answer 11

band of tissue on either side of tongue which are ducts for the sublingual salivary glands

Question 12

what are the intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 12

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse muscles, vertical muscles

Question 13

superior longitudinal

Answer 13

• courses along length of tongue
• elevates tongue tip or pulls tongue to one side or other

Question 14

inferior longitudinal

Answer 14

• originates at base of tongue to tip
• pulls tongue lip down and assists in retraction of tongue

Question 15

transverse muscles

Answer 15

• originate at median fibrous septum and course laterallly to insert into side of tongue
• pulls edges of tongue toward midline, narrowing tongue

Question 16

vertical muscles

Answer 16

• run at right angles to transverse muscles
• originate at base of tongue and insert into membranous cover
• flatten the tongue

Question 17

which muscles are innervated by hypoglossal

Answer 17

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse muscles, vertical muscles, genioglossus

Question 18

what are the extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 18

genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, stylopharyngeus palatoglossus

Question 19

genioglossus arises and inserts where

Answer 19

arises from inner mandibular surface and inserts into tip and dorsum of tongue as well as hyoid bone

Question 20

what does genioglossus do

Answer 20

retraction of tongue, protrusion of tongue tip, cupping tongue

Question 21

hyoglosses arises and inserts where

Answer 21

arises from greater corner of hyoid and inserts into sides of tongue

Question 22

hyoglossus does what

Answer 22

pulls sides of tongue down

Question 23

styloglossus originates and inserts where

Answer 23

originates from styloid process and inserts into inferior sides of tongue

Question 24

styloglossus does what

Answer 24

draw tongue back and up

Question 25

stylopharyngeus arises and inserts where

Answer 25

arises from styloid process and inserts into posterior thyroid cartilage

Question 26

stylopharyngeus does what

Answer 26

elevates and opens pharynx

Question 27

stylopharyngeus innervated by what

Answer 27

glossopharyngeal

Question 28

palatoglossus

Answer 28

• makes up anterior faucial pillar
• depresses soft palate
• elevates back of tongue
• make a k sound

Question 29

palatoglossus innervated by what

Answer 29

accessory and vagus

Question 30

how does tongue tie happen

Answer 30

when lingual frenulum is too short

Question 31

tongue tie causes difficulty for what

Answer 31

elevating tongue for phonemes

Question 32

tongue tip deviation, left and right

Answer 32

simultaneous contraction of left superior and inferior longitudinal

Question 33

lateral margins relaxation /l/

Answer 33

slight contraction genioglossus, superior longitudinal and transverse intrinsic muscles

Question 34

tongue narrowing

Answer 34

transverse muscle

Question 35

central tongue grooving

Answer 35

genioglossus and vertical muscles

Question 36

retraction of tongue

Answer 36

genioglossus and superior and inferior longitudinal, can also be styloglossus

Question 37

protrusion of tongue

Answer 37

genioglossus, vertical and transverse muscles

Question 38

posterior tongue elevation /k/

Answer 38

palatoglossus and transverse muscles

Question 39

tongue body depression

Answer 39

genioglossus