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Unit 1 A&P > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The science of structure and relationships among structures of the human body

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

The science of body functions

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3
Q

What are the 6 levels or organization

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal

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4
Q

What level includes atoms and molecules

A

Chemical

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5
Q

What level is the basic structural and functional units of an organism

A

Cellular

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6
Q

What are the types of cells in the body

A

Muscle, nerve, blood

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7
Q

What are some structures of the cell

A

Organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes

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8
Q

What level groups cells together to perform particular functions

A

Tissue

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues in the body

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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10
Q

What level can you identify tissue structures

A

Organ

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11
Q

What level do related organs have a common function

A

System

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12
Q

What level is considered the whole human body

A

Organismal

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13
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relatively stable conditions

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14
Q

What two systems control homeostasis

A

Nervous and endocrine

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15
Q

How does homeostasis change to maintain cellular life

A

It is dynamic

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16
Q

The nervous system ____ changes

A

Detects

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17
Q

The endocrine system _____ changes

A

Corrects

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18
Q

What is a feedback system

A

Condition that is continually monitored, and evaluated to maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

A disruption to a controlled condition…

A

Stimulus

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20
Q

What can cause a stimuli

A

External environment, internal environment, psychological stresses

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21
Q

In most cases, the disruption of homeostasis is ______ and _____

A

Mild and temporary

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22
Q

What are the three components of a feedback system

A

Receptor, control center, effector

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23
Q

What are the two types of feedback systems

A

Positive and negative

24
Q

What is a negative feedback system

A

Reverses change in a controlled condition

25
Q

What is a positive feedback system

A

Strengthens or reinforces change in a controlled condition

26
Q

What feedback system is the most common

A

Negative

27
Q

What are examples of a positive feedback system

A

Childbirth, ovulation, blood clotting

28
Q

Define “run away”

A

Positive feedback system that has not been stopped and can produce life-threatening changes

29
Q

Describe anatomical position

A

Standing erect, facing observer with head level and eyes forward, legs parallel, feet flat directed forward, arms at sides with palms turned forward

30
Q

Prone

A

Body lying face down

31
Q

Supine

A

Body laying face up

32
Q

Name the body regions

A

Head, neck, truck, upper limbs, lower limbs

33
Q

Towards the head

A

Superior (cephalic/cranial)

34
Q

Away from the head

A

Inferior (caudal)

35
Q

Front of body

A

Anterior (ventral)

36
Q

Back of body

A

Posterior (dorsal)

37
Q

Towards midline

A

Medial

38
Q

Away from midline

A

Lateral

39
Q

Near attachment of limb

A

Proximal

40
Q

Away from attachment of limb

A

Distal

41
Q

Towards surface

A

Superficial

42
Q

Away from surface

A

Deep

43
Q

Name four major planes

A

Sagittal, frontal (coronal), transverse, oblique

44
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left sides

A

Midsagittal

45
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into unequal right and left sides

A

Parasagittal

46
Q

Divides body into anterior and posterior sections

A

Frontal (coronal)

47
Q

Divides body into inferior and superior sections

A

Transverse (cross-sectional or horizontal)

48
Q

Crosses body or limb at angle

A

Oblique

49
Q

Name the body cavities

A

Cranial, thoracic, abdominalpelvic, vertebral

50
Q

Fluid filled space that surrounds heart

A

Pericardial cavity

51
Q

Surrounds lungs and contains fluid

A

Pleural cavity

52
Q

Center portion of thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum

53
Q

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

Viscera

54
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

A

Diaphragm

55
Q

Name the quadrants of abdomen

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

Unit 1 A&P (2 decks)

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