A&P Flashcards
Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
The specialized junction from which nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next it called a
Synapse
What is the function of luteinizing hormone in males?
It stimulates the production of testerone in males.
What is the function of luteinizing hormone in females?
It stimulates ovulation
What is the function of the neutrophil?
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Which part of the digestive system is bolus formed?
The oral cavity
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorption of nutrients?
Small intestines
Adduction is?
towards the midline
What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin
Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?
Cones
Which is the most abundant nervous tissue?
Neuroglia
The pancreas produces?
Glucagon and Insulin
The adrenal cortex produces?
Cortisol and Aldosterone
The gonads produces
Estrogen and Testosterone
The tibia is _____ to the femur
distal (further from trunk/point of origin)
Which means the same as anterior?
Ventral
Which is the most proximal bone of the upper limbs?
humerus
Which is anterior to the rib cage?
Breast
A _____ is a group of tissues working together to perform a similar function
Organ
Which of the following organelles are responsible for lipid synthesis?
Smooth ER
Ribosomes are synthesized in the
Nucleous
Mitochondria is to energy production as Ribosome is to
Protein synthesis
What kind of tissue lines the cavities and covers the body?
epithelial tissue
What is the function of excitable nervous tissue?
It responds to stimulus by initiating an impulse
Which tissue binds structures in the body together?
Connective tissue
Which tissues store nutrients?
Connective tissue
Protection is the primary function of the ______ epithelium
Stratified squamous
Which tissue has chondrocytes in nests with surrounding solid matrix?
Hyaline cartilage
Are blood vessels found in the epidermis?
No
Which layer of skin contains a high number of blood vessels, as well as elastic and collagen fibers?
The Dermis
Are langerhan cells found in the dermis layer?
No
What are the functions of the epidermis?
Physical barrier, Biological barrier and waterproofing
What is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?
Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum
Which layer of epidermis contains flattened polygonal cells?
Stratum granulosum
Which part of the skin contains melanocytes?
Stratum germinativum
What connects the skin to the superficial muscles?
Hypodermis
Apocrine sweat glands become active?
during puberty
What is the function of the ceruminous gland?
To protect the outer ear
Sebaceous glands are absent in the
Palms
What are the functions for the skeletal system?
Protection, Support, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Storage, Detoxification
Is this matched correctly:
Cartilage- Connective tissue found between bones in a joint
Yes
________ is a connective tissue that joins two bones
Ligament
Vertebra is an example of an
irregular bone
Describe spongy bone
A meshwork of plates that contains lamellae and osteocytes between each layer
Describe the epiphysis
Extremity of a long bone
Osteocytes are
Inactive mature bone cells
Is the scapula part of the axial skeleton?
No
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
The skull, vertebrae, and trunk
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Bones of the arms, legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle
What is the correct order of vertebrae from superior to inferior?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
How many vertebrae make up the cervical vertebrae?
7
The part of the neuron that receives impulses is called
Dendrite
Is this term and function matched correctly:
Cerebellum - Coordination
Yes
Which neuron conveys impulses from the central nervous system?
Motor neuron
An impulse from the central nervous system transmitted via motor neurons is
Somatic Motor
What neurons are found in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
Sensory neurons
What are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?
Conveying motor impulses to the skeletal muscle.
Conveying sensory impulses to the central nervous system.
What does the central nervous system consist of?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nerves and ganglia.
Describe a simple spinal reflex?
Stimulus-impulse in sensory neuron-spinal cord-motor neuron-action
The central part of the retina with high visual acuity (sharpness) is called the
Macula
Describe the retina
The inner layer of the eye which generates nerve impulses
Which structure has the highest visual acuity?
Fovea
Is this pair correct;
Aqueous humor: supplies nutrients to the retina
No
What is the sequence that describes how light rays from an object get to the retina?
CAPLVR
Cornea - Aqueous humor - Pupil - Lens - Vitreous humor - Retina
What is the sequence that shows how visual impulses move from the retina to the brain where they are interpreted?
Retina - Optic nerve - Optic chiasm - Optic tract - Thalamus - Optic radiations - Cerebral cortex
Are the auditory ossicles found in the inner ear (bony labyrinth)?
NO
Which structure in the ear is most sensitive to horizontal movement?
Utricle
Which structure generates auditory nerve impulses recognized by the brain?
Organ of Corti
Which structure is responsible for equalizing ear pressure?
Eustachian tube
The cristae ampullaris is found in the
Semicircular canal
What is the sequence that describes the passage of sound waves?
Auricle - external auditory canal - Tympanic membrane - Malleus - Incus - Stapes - Oval window - Organ of Corti - Brain
Light enters the eye through which structure?
Cornea
Which of the following amplify sound waves?
Stapes
What are the functions of the muscular system?
Movement, Posture and Thermoregulation
What type of muscles have striated muscle fibers that join at the intercalated disc?
Cardiac muscle
Muscles attach to bones through a
tendon
The rod-like structure that makes up muscle fibers is called
Myofibrils
The functional unit of the myofibril is called
Sarcomere
What are the parts of the thin myofilament?
Troponin, Actin, and Tropomyosin
During muscle contraction, calcium molecules are released from
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Contraction occurs because of cross bridges between myosin and
Actin
Describe the process of muscle contraction
Action potential - Release of calcium - Calcium binding to inhibitory proteins - Cross bridges between actin and myosin - filament use energy from ATP to slide together - Contraction
What are synergist muscles?
Muscles that produce similar movement as the primary mover.
Describe an endocrine hormone
Chemical messengers that act on distant tissues
Describe negative feedback control of the endocrine system
Production of a hormone feeds back to decrease its own production
Which hormone acts on membrane receptors?
Insulin
Which hormones are Lipophilic and act on intracellular receptors?
Steroid hormones
Is this match correct:
Growth hormone - Skeletal growth
Yes
Antidiuretic hormone is released from the _____ and acts on the _______.
Posterior pituitary, Kidneys
Which hormone plays a role in calcium metabolism?
Parathyroid hormone
What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?
Growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin
Which hormone controls the hypothalamus by positive feedback?
Oxytocin
WHich systems are primarily responsible for homeostasis?
ENdocrine and NErvous system
Describe the ventricular systole
Ventricular contraction
Sam has a blood pressure of 120/80mmHg. 80 represents the
pressure in the arteries during diastole
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the capillaries is called
External respiration
Which part of the brain regulates respiration?
Medulla
Hemoglobin releases oxygen when there is
low pH
Most carbon dioxide in the body is in the form of
Bicarbonate ion
List the layers of the digestive system from outer layer to the inner layer
Adventitia - Muscularis - Submucosa - Mucosa
Chyme is produces in the
Stomach
WHich structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
The urethra conveys urine from the
bladder to the exterior
Describe the glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries across which filtration of blood occurs in the nephron
What occurs in the convoluted tubules?
Diffusion, Secretion, Reabsorption
The cup-like structure which contains the glomerulus is called
Bowman’s capsule
The glomerulus receives blood from the
Renal artery
Which part of the nephron creates the concentration gradient found in the kidney?
Loop of Henle
There are 3 points of ureteric constrictions, and
They are potential sites of ureteral stones
Where is most of the sodium reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where is most of the glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
WHere is most of the water reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Describe the transportation of glomerular filtrate sequence
Bowman’s capsule - proximal convoluted tubule - loop of Henle - distal convoluted tubule - collecting duct - renal pelvis - ureter
Is this match correct:
Ovary - production of estrogen
Yes
Which would help in getting rid of a roundworm infestation?
Eosinophil
Which wbc has a horse shoe-shaped nucleus?
Macrophage
What are the functions of macrophages?
Phagocytosis, ANtigen presentation, and production of cytokines
Is this pair correct?
T lymphocyte - kills infected cells
What is red blood cells function
production of platelets
WHat bones form via intramembranous ossification?
The flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and clavicles
A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn?
Ligament
Which organ is part of the male reproductive system and also part of the urinary system?
Urethra
Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?
Connective tissue
What part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?
Temporal lobe
WHich type of connection do ligaments create?
bone to bone
What important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?
Calcium and phosphorous
The elbow is what type of joint?
Hinge
WHat is the function of the sebaceous glands?
to secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What describes the distal region of the humerus?
The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna.
Which organelle is responsible for digesting damages cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?
Lysosomes
Which part of the eye allows us to see color?
Retina
Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?
Stratum germinativum
The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?
Organ system
Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?
Evaporation
Which structure functions in directing sound waves into the ear?
Auricle
The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called
Adenohypophysis
WHat is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
The sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?
PCT - Loop of Henle - DCT - Collecting duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal pelvis
What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?
Connective
Which salivary glands primarily contribute to the production and secretion of saliva?
Submandibular glands
Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?
Nasopharynx
Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries
Which glands release an oily secretion through hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying?
Sebaceous glands
What type of cell division occours in the gonads?
Meiosis
What exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface?
Eccrine
The ______ artery is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ____ artery.
brachial; axillary
Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
