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Micro > A&P > Flashcards

A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?

A

Ureter

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2
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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3
Q

The specialized junction from which nerve impulses pass from one neuron to the next it called a

A

Synapse

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4
Q

What is the function of luteinizing hormone in males?

A

It stimulates the production of testerone in males.

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5
Q

What is the function of luteinizing hormone in females?

A

It stimulates ovulation

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6
Q

What is the function of the neutrophil?

A

Phagocytosis of bacteria

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7
Q

Which part of the digestive system is bolus formed?

A

The oral cavity

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8
Q

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorption of nutrients?

A

Small intestines

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9
Q

Adduction is?

A

towards the midline

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10
Q

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

A

Calcium binds to troponin and leads to the uncovering of the active site of actin

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11
Q

Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?

A

Cones

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12
Q

Which is the most abundant nervous tissue?

A

Neuroglia

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13
Q

The pancreas produces?

A

Glucagon and Insulin

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14
Q

The adrenal cortex produces?

A

Cortisol and Aldosterone

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15
Q

The gonads produces

A

Estrogen and Testosterone

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16
Q

The tibia is _____ to the femur

A

distal (further from trunk/point of origin)

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17
Q

Which means the same as anterior?

A

Ventral

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18
Q

Which is the most proximal bone of the upper limbs?

A

humerus

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19
Q

Which is anterior to the rib cage?

A

Breast

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20
Q

A _____ is a group of tissues working together to perform a similar function

A

Organ

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21
Q

Which of the following organelles are responsible for lipid synthesis?

A

Smooth ER

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22
Q

Ribosomes are synthesized in the

A

Nucleous

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23
Q

Mitochondria is to energy production as Ribosome is to

A

Protein synthesis

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24
Q

What kind of tissue lines the cavities and covers the body?

A

epithelial tissue

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25
Q

What is the function of excitable nervous tissue?

A

It responds to stimulus by initiating an impulse

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26
Q

Which tissue binds structures in the body together?

A

Connective tissue

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27
Q

Which tissues store nutrients?

A

Connective tissue

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28
Q

Protection is the primary function of the ______ epithelium

A

Stratified squamous

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29
Q

Which tissue has chondrocytes in nests with surrounding solid matrix?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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30
Q

Are blood vessels found in the epidermis?

A

No

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31
Q

Which layer of skin contains a high number of blood vessels, as well as elastic and collagen fibers?

A

The Dermis

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32
Q

Are langerhan cells found in the dermis layer?

A

No

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33
Q

What are the functions of the epidermis?

A

Physical barrier, Biological barrier and waterproofing

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34
Q

What is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

A

Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum

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35
Q

Which layer of epidermis contains flattened polygonal cells?

A

Stratum granulosum

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36
Q

Which part of the skin contains melanocytes?

A

Stratum germinativum

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37
Q

What connects the skin to the superficial muscles?

A

Hypodermis

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38
Q

Apocrine sweat glands become active?

A

during puberty

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39
Q

What is the function of the ceruminous gland?

A

To protect the outer ear

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40
Q

Sebaceous glands are absent in the

A

Palms

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41
Q

What are the functions for the skeletal system?

A

Protection, Support, Movement, Hematopoiesis, Storage, Detoxification

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42
Q

Is this matched correctly:
Cartilage- Connective tissue found between bones in a joint

A

Yes

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43
Q

________ is a connective tissue that joins two bones

A

Ligament

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44
Q

Vertebra is an example of an

A

irregular bone

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45
Q

Describe spongy bone

A

A meshwork of plates that contains lamellae and osteocytes between each layer

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46
Q

Describe the epiphysis

A

Extremity of a long bone

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47
Q

Osteocytes are

A

Inactive mature bone cells

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48
Q

Is the scapula part of the axial skeleton?

A

No

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49
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A

The skull, vertebrae, and trunk

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50
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

Bones of the arms, legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle

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51
Q

What is the correct order of vertebrae from superior to inferior?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

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52
Q

How many vertebrae make up the cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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53
Q

The part of the neuron that receives impulses is called

A

Dendrite

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54
Q

Is this term and function matched correctly:
Cerebellum - Coordination

A

Yes

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55
Q

Which neuron conveys impulses from the central nervous system?

A

Motor neuron

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56
Q

An impulse from the central nervous system transmitted via motor neurons is

A

Somatic Motor

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57
Q

What neurons are found in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

Sensory neurons

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58
Q

What are the functions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Conveying motor impulses to the skeletal muscle.
Conveying sensory impulses to the central nervous system.

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59
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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60
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nerves and ganglia.

61
Q

Describe a simple spinal reflex?

A

Stimulus-impulse in sensory neuron-spinal cord-motor neuron-action

62
Q

The central part of the retina with high visual acuity (sharpness) is called the

A

Macula

63
Q

Describe the retina

A

The inner layer of the eye which generates nerve impulses

64
Q

Which structure has the highest visual acuity?

A

Fovea

65
Q

Is this pair correct;
Aqueous humor: supplies nutrients to the retina

A

No

66
Q

What is the sequence that describes how light rays from an object get to the retina?

A

CAPLVR
Cornea - Aqueous humor - Pupil - Lens - Vitreous humor - Retina

67
Q

What is the sequence that shows how visual impulses move from the retina to the brain where they are interpreted?

A

Retina - Optic nerve - Optic chiasm - Optic tract - Thalamus - Optic radiations - Cerebral cortex

68
Q

Are the auditory ossicles found in the inner ear (bony labyrinth)?

A

NO

69
Q

Which structure in the ear is most sensitive to horizontal movement?

A

Utricle

70
Q

Which structure generates auditory nerve impulses recognized by the brain?

A

Organ of Corti

71
Q

Which structure is responsible for equalizing ear pressure?

A

Eustachian tube

72
Q

The cristae ampullaris is found in the

A

Semicircular canal

73
Q

What is the sequence that describes the passage of sound waves?

A

Auricle - external auditory canal - Tympanic membrane - Malleus - Incus - Stapes - Oval window - Organ of Corti - Brain

74
Q

Light enters the eye through which structure?

A

Cornea

75
Q

Which of the following amplify sound waves?

A

Stapes

76
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

Movement, Posture and Thermoregulation

77
Q

What type of muscles have striated muscle fibers that join at the intercalated disc?

A

Cardiac muscle

78
Q

Muscles attach to bones through a

A

tendon

79
Q

The rod-like structure that makes up muscle fibers is called

A

Myofibrils

80
Q

The functional unit of the myofibril is called

A

Sarcomere

81
Q

What are the parts of the thin myofilament?

A

Troponin, Actin, and Tropomyosin

82
Q

During muscle contraction, calcium molecules are released from

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

83
Q

Contraction occurs because of cross bridges between myosin and

A

Actin

84
Q

Describe the process of muscle contraction

A

Action potential - Release of calcium - Calcium binding to inhibitory proteins - Cross bridges between actin and myosin - filament use energy from ATP to slide together - Contraction

85
Q

What are synergist muscles?

A

Muscles that produce similar movement as the primary mover.

86
Q

Describe an endocrine hormone

A

Chemical messengers that act on distant tissues

87
Q

Describe negative feedback control of the endocrine system

A

Production of a hormone feeds back to decrease its own production

88
Q

Which hormone acts on membrane receptors?

A

Insulin

89
Q

Which hormones are Lipophilic and act on intracellular receptors?

A

Steroid hormones

90
Q

Is this match correct:
Growth hormone - Skeletal growth

A

Yes

91
Q

Antidiuretic hormone is released from the _____ and acts on the _______.

A

Posterior pituitary, Kidneys

92
Q

Which hormone plays a role in calcium metabolism?

A

Parathyroid hormone

93
Q

What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland produce?

A

Growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin

94
Q

Which hormone controls the hypothalamus by positive feedback?

A

Oxytocin

95
Q

WHich systems are primarily responsible for homeostasis?

A

ENdocrine and NErvous system

96
Q

Describe the ventricular systole

A

Ventricular contraction

97
Q

Sam has a blood pressure of 120/80mmHg. 80 represents the

A

pressure in the arteries during diastole

98
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the capillaries is called

A

External respiration

99
Q

Which part of the brain regulates respiration?

A

Medulla

100
Q

Hemoglobin releases oxygen when there is

A

low pH

101
Q

Most carbon dioxide in the body is in the form of

A

Bicarbonate ion

102
Q

List the layers of the digestive system from outer layer to the inner layer

A

Adventitia - Muscularis - Submucosa - Mucosa

103
Q

Chyme is produces in the

A

Stomach

104
Q

WHich structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?

A

Ureter

105
Q

The urethra conveys urine from the

A

bladder to the exterior

106
Q

Describe the glomerulus

A

A tuft of capillaries across which filtration of blood occurs in the nephron

107
Q

What occurs in the convoluted tubules?

A

Diffusion, Secretion, Reabsorption

108
Q

The cup-like structure which contains the glomerulus is called

A

Bowman’s capsule

109
Q

The glomerulus receives blood from the

A

Renal artery

110
Q

Which part of the nephron creates the concentration gradient found in the kidney?

A

Loop of Henle

111
Q

There are 3 points of ureteric constrictions, and

A

They are potential sites of ureteral stones

112
Q

Where is most of the sodium reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

113
Q

Where is most of the glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

114
Q

WHere is most of the water reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

115
Q

Describe the transportation of glomerular filtrate sequence

A

Bowman’s capsule - proximal convoluted tubule - loop of Henle - distal convoluted tubule - collecting duct - renal pelvis - ureter

116
Q

Is this match correct:
Ovary - production of estrogen

A

Yes

117
Q

Which would help in getting rid of a roundworm infestation?

A

Eosinophil

118
Q

Which wbc has a horse shoe-shaped nucleus?

A

Macrophage

119
Q

What are the functions of macrophages?

A

Phagocytosis, ANtigen presentation, and production of cytokines

120
Q

Is this pair correct?

A

T lymphocyte - kills infected cells

121
Q

What is red blood cells function

A

production of platelets

122
Q

WHat bones form via intramembranous ossification?

A

The flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and clavicles

123
Q

A sprain occurs when which of the following structures is stretched or torn?

A

Ligament

124
Q

Which organ is part of the male reproductive system and also part of the urinary system?

A

Urethra

125
Q

Which type of tissue is most widely distributed throughout the body?

A

Connective tissue

126
Q

What part of the brain is involved in processing auditory information?

A

Temporal lobe

127
Q

WHich type of connection do ligaments create?

A

bone to bone

128
Q

What important minerals are stored within the skeletal system?

A

Calcium and phosphorous

129
Q

The elbow is what type of joint?

A

Hinge

130
Q

WHat is the function of the sebaceous glands?

A

to secrete oil that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.

131
Q

What describes the distal region of the humerus?

A

The epiphysis that articulates with the radius and ulna.

132
Q

Which organelle is responsible for digesting damages cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

A

Lysosomes

133
Q

Which part of the eye allows us to see color?

A

Retina

134
Q

Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin?

A

Stratum germinativum

135
Q

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange?

A

Organ system

136
Q

Eccrine glands secrete a watery substance onto the surface of the skin to maintain temperature homeostasis through which process?

A

Evaporation

137
Q

Which structure functions in directing sound waves into the ear?

A

Auricle

138
Q

The anterior lobe of pituitary glands is called

A

Adenohypophysis

139
Q

WHat is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

140
Q

The sequence of transport of filtrate from the nephrons to the renal pelvis?

A

PCT - Loop of Henle - DCT - Collecting duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal pelvis

141
Q

What form of tissue provides support and structure for the organs?

A

Connective

142
Q

Which salivary glands primarily contribute to the production and secretion of saliva?

A

Submandibular glands

143
Q

Which segment of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Nasopharynx

144
Q

Veins have thinner, more compliant vessel walls than arteries

A
145
Q

Which glands release an oily secretion through hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying?

A

Sebaceous glands

146
Q

What type of cell division occours in the gonads?

A

Meiosis

147
Q

What exocrine gland produces sweat on the epidermal surface?

A

Eccrine

148
Q

The ______ artery is located in the upper arm, and is a continuation of the ____ artery.

A

brachial; axillary

149
Q

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum are included in which layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum germinativum

Micro (4 decks)

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