A&P Flashcards
Supra-
Above
Infra-
Below
Intra-
With in
Inter-
Between
Moving from one state to another is
Work
Ionic bond
Quick, easy, fast, takes or gives electron. Binded by slight neg and slight pos attraction
Covalent bond
Strong. Share electron
Hydrogen bond
Pos and neg hydrogen bonding in water
Chemical reaction
Elements reacting to form new molecules Rearranging
Metabolism
All chemical reactions in the body
Synthesis (Anabolism)
Puts molecules together
Decomposition (Catabolism)
Pulls molecules apart
Catalysts (Enzymes)
Speeds up reactions
Phospholipids
Phosphate (water head)
Lipids (oil tail)
Carbohydrates
Source of energy
Determine blood type
Serves in immune response
DNA
Book
RNA
Interpreters
ATP
Energy
DNA + RNA + ATP
Make protein (new machine)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Passageway In the cell
Move assemble move assemble
Ribosomes- assemble
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves things in cell
No assembly
Golgi Apparatus
Package carbohydrates in the cell in vesicles (phospholipid spheres)
Mitochondria
Creates ATP needs fuel and oxygen
Lysosomes
Breakdown/digest worn-out cell parts
Can be used to destroy invading bacteria and viruses
Mitosis
Division if cells (1 into 2)
Meiosis
Cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Diploid
Full set of chromosomes
Haploid
Half set of chromosomes
Minerals
Salts-electrolytes
Passive movement
No energy used movement
Active movement
Energy used movement
Phagocytosis
Cell eat
Pinocytosis
Cell drink
Diffusion
High concentration movement to low concentration
Osmosis
Movement of water through semipermeable membrane from high concentration to low concentration
Apoptosis
Cellular death
Cellular Respiration
Process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. Cells use oxygen to break down sugars for ATP
Four types of tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Neural
Histology
Study of tissues
5 functions of the Integumentary system
Protection Temperature maintenance Storage of nutrients Sensory reception Excretion and Secretion
Keratinocytes
Make Keratin
Melanocytes
Make melanin
Apocrine glands
Make sweat in arm pits and groin
Merocrine Glands
Sweat on palms and feet
3 Types of muscles
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Intercalated disks
Connect cell branches in the heart muscle
Fascia
Silver lining around muscles
Doesn’t expand
Sarcolemma
Outer layer of muscle fibers
Actin and myosin
Proteins that work together to allow muscles to contract
CO2
Only waste product
4 types of bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Periosteum
Surrounds outer surface of bone
Endostium
Bony tissue inside bone marrow
Osteoclasts
Break down bone
Osteoblasts
Build bone
Ossification
Process of cartilage turning to bone
Axial bones
Skull
Ribs
Spine
Appendicular bones
Appendages
Cervical spine
(Neck)
7 bones
C1 Atlas (look up and down)
C2 Axis (look L & R)
Thoracic
Mid-back
12
Lumbar
Lower back
5
6 types of joints
Plane Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle
Layers of skin
Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale