A New Jerusalem

Question 1

what accelerated the decline of British power?

Answer 1

WWII

Question 2

Chamberlain- ‘peace for our time’?

Answer 2

moral responsibility to negotiate with European dictators, even if you disagree with their politics.
personal popularity after appeasement falls.

Question 3

decline of Chamberlain?

Answer 3

Norway military disaster
poor war mobilisation
failure of appeasement

Question 4

why did Chamberlain resign?

Answer 4

won leadership vote but majority reduced too much

Question 5

why was Churchill selected?

Answer 5

Earl of Halifax closely linked to appeasement and he stepped back as he it would have been difficult for him to rule as he was a lord

Question 6

David Low?

Answer 6

political cartoonist for Evening Standard.
critical of Chamberlain but supportive of Churchill

Question 7

who was the icon of the wars?

Answer 7

Tommy Atkins- WWI.
The people- WWII.

Question 8

How was it the people’s war?

Answer 8

relationship between govt and people.
blurring of class and gender distinctions.
shift to the left.

Question 9

how many civilian deaths?

Answer 9

60,000

Question 10

when was Buckingham Palace bombed?

Answer 10

1940

Question 11

standards of living?

Answer 11

price increase of 31%.
wage increase of 80%.
laissez-faire capitalism side-lined for war.

Question 12

1940- backs to the wall, or, Darkest Hour?

Answer 12

Dunkirk evacuation.
Battle of Britain.
The Blitz

Question 13

How many copies of Beveridge Report were sold?

Answer 13

500,000

Question 14

Beveridge Report key recommendations?

Answer 14

safety net provided by the state.
universal benefits and pensions scheme.
contributory principle, with same contributions and benefits for poor and rich.
govt can eliminate poverty and hardship.

Question 15

difference in 1945 campaigns?

Answer 15

Labour for change.
Conservatives for Churchill

Question 16

Problems of 1945?

Answer 16

Looting.
Juvenile delinquency.
The black market

Question 17

which people’s war?

Answer 17

internal others stigmatised or excluded; good time girls, conscientious objectors, Jews, ‘aliens’.

Question 18

Home Intelligence Report, 1942?

Answer 18

4 characteristics of shift to the left:
1) its non-political character.
2) impetus it has received from the Russian successes.
3) general agreement that things will be different after the war.
4) revulsion against vested interests, privilege and the old gang

Question 19

Beveridge Report costs?

Answer 19

1945- new welfare system would cost £697m, increase of £265m

Question 20

British revolution?

Answer 20

Beveridge Report suggested to be a ‘British revolution’

Question 21

revisionist view of Labour landslide?

Answer 21

cynicism rather than idealism.
no appetite for a return to party politics.
tactical voting.
a protest vote.

Question 22

welfare state beginning during coalition?

Answer 22

1944 Education Act.
1945 Family Allowances Act

Question 23

1945 continuity or change? (change)

Answer 23

Labour landslide.
people wanted socialism.
Beveridge marked a radical change in welfare policies.

Question 24

1945 continuity or change? (continuity)

Answer 24

Labour only persuaded 36% of electorate.
the people wanted Beveridge.
Beveridge built on the foundations of the Liberal reforms

Question 25

Labour in power?

Answer 25

1946 National Insurance Act
1948 National Health Service.
1945-51 homebuilding programme.
nationalisation of key industries.
Keynesian economic policy to ensure full employment.

Question 26

Obstacles to welfare state?

Answer 26

war economy> peace economy.
end of US lend lease.
empire wants independence.
emergence of Cold War.

Question 27

Faces of 1950s conservatism?

Answer 27

Churchill
Eden
Macmillan