A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY: 3.1.6: Equilibria (ChemRevise) Flashcards
all reversible reactions reach a…
dynamic equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium: (2)
-rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction
-concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
Le Chatelier’s principle:
if an external condition is changed, the equilibrium will shift to oppose the change
(and try to reverse it)
effect of increasing temperature on equilibrium: (2)
if temp. is increased, equilibrium will shift to oppose the change:
-equilibrium shifts in the endothermic direction
-to try to reduce the temperature by taking in heat (endo. takes in heat)
effect of decreasing temperature on equilibrium: (2)
if temp. is decreased, equilibrium will shift to oppose the change:
-equilibrium shifts in the exothermic direction
-to try to increase the temperature by releasing heat (exo. releases heat)
if equilibrium shifts left, more ___ is formed. Yield of products ___.
reactants, decreases
if equilibrium shifts left, more ___ is formed.
reactants
if equilibrium shifts right, more ___ is formed.
products
if equilibrium shifts right, more ___ is formed. Yield of products ___.
products, increases
effect of increasing pressure on equilibrium: (2)
if pressure is increased, equilibrium will shift to oppose the change:
-equilibrium shifts towards the side with more moles of gas
-to try to increase pressure
effect of decreasing pressure on equilibrium: (2)
if pressure is decreased, equilibrium will shift to oppose the change:
-equilibrium shifts towards the side with fewer moles of gas
-to try to decrease pressure
effect of increasing concentration (of substance X) on equilibrium: (2)
if concentration is increased, equilibrium will shift to oppose the change:
-equilibrium will shift in the opposite direction of substance X
-to try to decrease the concentration of X
effect of decreasing concentration (of substance X) on equilibrium: (2)
if concentration is decreased, equilibrium will shift to oppose the change:
-equilibrium will shift in the same direction as substance X
-to try to increase the concentration of X
effect of catalysts on position of equilibrium:
no effect on position of equilibrium
catalysts have ___ ___ on the ___ of equilibrium.
no effect, position
recycling ___ ___ back into the reactor can improve the overall ___ of the reaction
unreacted reactants, yield
carbon neutral:
an activity that has no net annual carbon emissions to the atmosphere
Kc :
equilibrium constant
Kc only changes with…
temperature
