a level biology last part topic 3 Flashcards
what system is in place so mammals can manage pressure of blood flow
double circulatory system
why is the circulatory system described as closed
blood stays in blood vessels
what does double circulatory system eman
blood passes through the heart twice in each circuit. one circuit that delivers deoxgynated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
does blood flowing through the lungs get pumped at low or high pressure and why
low pressure to give time for gas exchange and prevent damage to capilaries in the alveoli.
is oxygenated blood being pumped from the heart to body getting pumped at high or low pressure and why
high pressure to ensure that blood reaches all respiring cells
name the 4 blood vessels involved in pumping blood in and out heart
vena cava , aorta ,pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
name the 2 blood vessels involved in pumping blood in and out lungs
pulmonary artery , pulmonary vein
name the 2 blood vessels involved in pumping blood in and out kidneys
renal artery renal vein
what are cardiac muscles
muscles in the heart that contract to pump blood through body
properties of cardiac muscle
thick
myogenic meaning it can contract and relax without nervous or hormanal stimulation
never fatigues as long as it has a supply of oxygen
role of coronary arteries
supply the cardiac muscles with oxygenated blood
where do they branch off from
aorta
what happens if they become blocked
cardiac muscles will not receive oxygen . therefore unable to respire and the cells will die. leading to heart attack.
name the 4 chambers of heart
left and right atrium
left and right ventricle
role of atria
delivers blood to ventricles
what rate do they contract at
low rate as only pumping blood to ventricles
give on adaptation of the atria
elastic walls to stretch when blood enter
role of right ventricle. how are its walls, why are the walls like this
pump deoxygenated blood into the lungs from the heart, thin walls to prevent damage to capillaries in the lungs, only travelling short distance into the lungs. allow time for gas exchange.
role of left ventricle. how are its walls, why are the walls like this
pumps blood to the body. at high pressure ensuring blood reaches all cells, this is why it has thicker walls
position of right atrium
top left
of left atrium
top right
of right ventricle
bottom left
postiion of septum
vertical barrier between left and right side of heart
what to veins do
carry blood into heart
purpose of vena cava
pumps deoxgnated blood from body into right atrium
function of pulmonary vein
pumps oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium
right side of heart deals with deoxygenated blood left does opposite
ok
what to arteries do
carry blood away from the heart
pulmonary is always a relationship between lungs and heart
yes
role of pulmonary artery
pumps deoxygnated blood from right atrium ino the lungs to get oxyxgen
aorta
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the rest of body
purpose of valves and how do they do this
prevent backflow of blood does this by only opening when blood pressure is higher behind valve
purpose of septumm
seperates deoxygnated and oxgenated blood to maintain concentration gradient
role of capillaries
remove waste product and deliver nutrients to cells
role of arterioles
connect arteries to capillaries , control blood flow
what is thicker veins or capillaries and why
veins pump blood at high pressure to lungs and body. veins blood pumping pressure is lower
