A/HI 240 EXAM 2 Flashcards
What is this piece?
Napoleon Crossing the Alps at the Saint-Bernard Pass
David
What is this piece?
The Sabine Women
David
What is this piece?
Bonaparte Visiting the Plague House at Jaffa
Gros
What is this piece?
The Nightmare
Fuseli
What is this piece?
Portrait of the Count of Floridablanca
Goya
What is this piece?
Family of Carlos IV
Goya
What is this piece?
El Sueño de la Razón Monstruos
(The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters)
from Los Caprichos
Goya
What is this piece?
¡Grande hazaña! ¡Con muertos!
(Great Heroism! Against Dead men!)
from Disasters of War
Goya
What is this piece?
Execution of the Rebels on the Third of May 1808
Goya
What is this piece?
Saturn Devouring One of His Children
Goya
What is this piece?
Las Meninas
Velázquez
What is this piece?
Portrait of Franz Pforr
Overbeck
What is this piece?
Italia and Germania
Overbeck
What is this piece?
Shulamit and Mary
Pforr
What is this piece?
Morning
from The Times of Day
Runge
What is this piece?
Monk by the Sea
Friedrich
What is this piece?
Woman in Front of the Setting Sun
Friedrich
What is piece?
Bamburgh Castle
Girtin
What is this piece?
Village along a River Estuary in Devon
Girtin
What is this piece?
Salisbury Cathedral Seen from the Cloister
Turner
What is this piece?
Shipwreck & Snow Storm—Hannibal Crossing the Alps
Turner
What is this piece?
Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying
Turner
What is this piece?
Rain, Steam and Speed—The Great Western Railway
Turner
What is this piece?
The Hay Wain
Constable
What is this piece?
Study of Cirrus Clouds
Turner
What is this piece?
Charles X Distributing Prizes after the Salon of 1824
Heim
What is this piece?
Charging Chasseur
Géricault
What is this piece?
The Raft of the Medusa
Géricault
What is this piece?
Pity the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man
Géricault
What is this piece?
Satan and Death, Separated by Sin
Fuseli
What is this piece?
The Song of Los
part of the Continental Prophecies
Blake
What is this piece?
The Lamb
from “Songs of Innocence”
Blake
What is this piece?
Portrait of Carlos III
Mengs
What is this place?
Strawberry Hill
Warpole’s House
What was Boydell’s Shakespeare Gallery in Britain?
State-supported commercial gallery where artists could sell art.
What is Gothick?
- A form of medievalism
- Fascination to the fantastic, ghastly, and grotesque
- Arose from psychological studies + social protest that came in the romantic era
What is the sublime?
- Revived by Edmund Burke
- “Delightful horror”
- “Occurs when we have an idea of pain and danger without being actually in such circumstances whatever excites this delight, I call sublime”
- “Produces the strongest emotion which the mind is capable of feeling.”
What is the Castle of Otranto?
- The first Gothick novel
- Written by Walpole
- Based on Strawberry Hill (his Gothick home)
What is Romanticism?
- Privileged emotion, faith, and spirituality over intellect and reason
- Put spontaneity over calculation
- Freedom of nature over the constraints of culture
- Individuality over conformity
- Not merely a literary or artistic movement, but a state of mind, a new attitude to the world that differed radically from Enlightenment rationalism.
*
What is etching?
- An intaglio process of printmaking
- Incorporates copper zinc plates being put in an acid bath.
What is aquatint?
- A variation of etching – an intaglio printmaking process.
- Incorporates water and color.
- Used to create texture in the surface.
What is a cartoon in reference to this class?
Mock-up drawings that an artist would submit to put on something like a tapestry
Who were the Nazarenes?
- A group of self-proclaimed group of artists took vows of chastity and poverty, grew their hair long, wore robes and sandals
- Had the goal to reform German art and believed that through their art they could transform a corrupt, feudal German society
- Late 1700s - early 1800s
- Influenced Runge and Freidrich
- Includes Pforr and Overbeck
What is a diptych?
Is any object with two flat plates attached at a hinge.
What is Gesamtkunstwerk?
# * Translate to total art work * Works of art that combine several different art forms to produce an all emcompassing installation
- Synthesis of the arts
- Exemplified by Richard Wagner
What is Rükenfigur?
When figure have their backs turned toward the audience so that we look at what they look at.
What does vernacular mean?
The local language or way of speaking of an area.
What is the picturesque?
- Untamed nature
- Aesthetic quality associated with the sublime and marked by variety
- Tied to travelogues popularized William Gilpin
What are guidebooks?
- Popularized by Thomas Nungent
- Showed what proper gentlemen should do when they traveled
What were travelogues?
- Walter Gilpin made these
- Showed places where people couldn’t travel to
- Walter Gilpin believed that landscape should be free from economic growth
What is a topographical painting?
- Popularized by Gilpin
- Watercolor paintings of areas showing them accurate for his travelogues
What is a panorama?
- A large building where one could experience an all around experience
- Entertainment before cinema
- Inside of rotundas
What was a rotunda?
A round building where panoramas were viewed
What is the Eidometropolis?
- The ideal city as enivisoned by Girtin
- Had the idea that maybe if we clean up the world in a painting, it’ll be cleaned up in the real world
What does impasto mean?
A technique used in painting, where paint is laid on an area of the surface very thickly, usually so that the strokes are visible.
What was the Zong?
- The ship featured in Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying
- Massacre of Zong
What is Stour Valley?
- The setting of The Hay Wain
- Constable painted a lot of peices from here because it was where he grew up
What are six-footers?
Paintings where a six-foot canvas is used.
What was the Académie des Beaux-Arts?
- The reinstanted Academy of arts (Academy of Fine Arts) in France as revived by Louis XIII so he could control the art of the country.
- Mostly included David’s students.
Who were David’s students?
Gros
Ingréd
Gerard
What is lithography?
A form of printmaking where drawings are made on porous stone with a grease pencil and then the stone has oil-based ink rolled onto it and pressed onto paper.
What is orientalism?
- A fascination with the near East and the Islamic world.
- Had little to do with figures themselves but more about fantasies about the figures and how we imagine them.
- Cultural appropriation
What were moja and maja?
The fancy servants of the time.
What were juntas?
Military or political groups that rules a country after taking power by force
What was Sturm and Drang?
- A literary movement
- Name came from a play that Klinger wrote
What was the Grand Tour?
- Trips where upper class shitheads did long treks through Europe and became interested in art around the continent.
- Stopped when wars started
- Was to enrich the mind, rectify the judgment, and to form the complete gentleman
What was the Méduse?
- Referenced in The Raft of the Medusa
- The ship that capsized because the captain was very bad and left a raft of people
- Only like 10 people survived
What was the Argus?
- Referenced in The Raft of the Medusa
- The ship that the survivors of the Medusa saw over the horizon
What did Edmund Burke do?
- Revived the sublime
- Described the sublime as “delightful horror”
Which Gothick author said we are “born free, but everywhere in chains.”
Rousseau
What subjects did the British Gothick movement cover?
The romantic intense identification
- With nature
- The nightmarish
- The grotesque
- And the sublime
In what year did Goya paint Execution of the Rebels on the Third of May 1808?
1814
Under whose rule did the true unification of Germany happen in 1871?
Wilhelm I
Who did Napoleon Bonaparte make the king of Spain when he took the country over?
His brother, Joseph Bonaparte.
Which Romantic author wrote Sturm and Drang?
Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- One of the first German authors to celebrate the middle ages
- Adopted medieval ideal instead of Classical
What are the four characteristics of German Romanticism?
- German artists were interested in the sublime.
- German and British Romantic artists were particularly attracted to nature
- German Romanticism manifests itself as a type of spiritualized patriotism.
- Most artists rejected neoclassicism in favor of their local vernacular language (seen in churches etc.)
Which Spanish king said to Goya: “You deserve to be garroted, but you are a great artist so we forgive you.”
Ferdinando VII
Who was the poet/ philosopher/ pastor who saw nature as a revelation of the divine, and assigned to the artist the role of mediator between this world and the next?
Ludwig Kosegarten
Which artist was influenced by Kosegarten’s ideals?
Friedrich
Which artist thought art was“at the center of
the world, at the center of the highest spiritual effort?”
Friedrich
Which poet asserted that a walk in the fields on a beautiful spring day was worth more than “fifty years of reason?”
Thomas Wordsworth
What is this piece?
Shipwreck
Turner
What was the Barbizon?
A school of landscape artists in France
Which French king ruled France as a constitutional monarch until his death in 1824?
Louis XVIII
Which French king’s regressive actions led to a three-day long revolution (July 27-9, 1830), resulting in his abdication?
Charles X
Which influential author wrote that
classicism was a foreign influence and that
Romanticism, based upon the medieval or vernacular, was “home grown?”
Madame de Staël
Which French art critic argued that Romanticism was less about a return to the past than an emotional or “soulful” interpretation of the present. and that “Romanticism in all the arts is what represents the men of today and not the men of those remote, heroic times, which probably never existed anyway?”
Stendhal
Which author wrote the book Germany in 1810?
Madame de Staël
