A/HI 240 EXAM 1 Flashcards
What was this building called?
The Crystal Palace
Joseph Paxton, 1851
What event was held in the Crystal Palace in 1851?
The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations
What is this building?
Wieskirche
(Weis Church)
Zimmermann, Bavaria
What is this piece?
Portrait of Louis XIV
Hyacinthe Rigaud
What is this piece?
The Gracious Shepherd
François Boucher
What is this piece?
The Secret Meeting
From Jean Fragonard’s Progress of Love series
What is this piece?
Saying Grace
Jean-Baptiste Chardin
What is this piece?
Portrait of Madame de Pompadour
Maurice de La Tour
What is this piece?
Caricature of La Font de Saint-Yenne
Claude-Henri Watelet
What is this piece?
The Seller of Cupids
Joseph-Marie Vien
What is this piece?
Parnassus
Anton Raphael Mengs
What is this piece?
Zeuxis Selecting Models for his Painting of Helen of Troy
Angelica Kauffman
What is this piece?
Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, Pointing to her Children as her Treasures
Angelica Kauffman
What is this piece?
Portrait of Marie Antoinette
Louis Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
What is this piece?
Andromache Mourning Hector
Jacques-Louis David
What is this piece?
Death of Marat
Jacques-Louis David
What is this piece?
Oath of Haratii
Jacques-Louis David
What is this piece?
Oath of the Tennis Court
Jacques-Louis David
What is this piece?
Queen Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Scaffold
Jacques-Louis David
What was significant about the crystal palace?
- Where the east and west first met?
- Nations came to show their culture to one another
- A architectural materials: glass and iron
What are important details about this Portrait of Louis XIV by Riguad?
- Fleur de lili pattern symbolizes France = Louis XIV represents France
- Located in Hall of Mirrors in Palais de Versailles = Sun King
- Red shoes to show off legs, shows elitism
What does the Gracious Shepherd by François Boucher symbolize?
- Escapist fantasy
- Birdcage being given symbolizes moving out of Versailles
- Lightheartedness associated with Rococo style
What is notable about Wieskirche?
- Has a modest exterior, but exuberent interior
- An architectural piece with rare complexity for it’s time
- Classic example of Rococo architecture
What art period is The Secret Meeting by Fragonard from?
The Rococo Period
What is significant about Chardin’s piece Saving Grace?
- Depicts quiet charm and subtlety
- Limited narrative – mother watching little boy say prayers
What did La Tour’s Portrait of Madame de Pompadour say about her?
- Shows she’s associated with arts and education
- Shows her worldly perspective
What elements of Vien’s The Seller of Cupids makes it obvious that it is a Neoclassical piece?
- Architecture
- Clothing
- Grid composition
What art movement is Mengs’ Parnassus from?
Neoclassical
What is the story behind Kauffman’s painting Cornelia, Mother of Gracchi, Pointing to her Children as Treasures?
A noblewoman came to Cornelia’s home asking to see her treasures and Cornelia pointed to her sons who latr become important political figures.
Represents putting the states above riches.
What is the story behind David’s Oath of the Horatii?
- Comissioned by Louis XVI to promote patriotism
- Told story of battle between Rome and Alba – sons had to go to war.
- Popular story from 1600s
- Represented the idea that if the sons had to devote themselves to their father, subjects should devote themselves to the kind
- Ended up being the first painting of the revolution
Why was David’s The Oath of the Tennis Court never completed?
- Most models were dead or disgraced by the time painting started
- It caused too much political tension
What historical moment does David’s The Oath of the Tennis Court illustrate?
- National Assembly locked out of planned meeting place on June 20th
- Turned into Consititutional Assembly and vow not to leave the Tennis Court until a new constitution is drawn up
David’s drawing, Queen Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Scaffold, contrasts with what artists beautiful paintings of Marie Antoinette and illustrates her fall?
Vigée-Lebrun
How is the term modern used?
Modern is used to portray history as a linear timeline with a past, present, and future
When is the modern period?
from the Renaissance to the Present
when record-keeping began
What does modernity mean?
Modernity is a concept tied to the Industrial Revolution when cultural values begin to change.
What shifts happened in modernity?
- Political
- Technological
- Trans/Cross-Cultural Exchange
- Economic
- Social and Cultural
What was the POLITICAL shift of modernity?
A shift from feudal and monarchy run states to capitalism and a highly regulative, secretive state (police and government).
What was the ECONOMIC shift of modernity?
A shift from artisan and guild production run houses to factory production and department stores.
What was the TECHNOLOGICAL shift of modernity?
A shift from manual labor to machine labor.
What was the CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE shift of modernity?
Travel to foreign countries expand and colonialism rises.
What was the SOCIAL and CULTURAL shift of modernity?
The rise of the metropolis and the development of urban leisure activities (music halls, cabarets, bars and shops).
Modernity is tied to the philosophies of what time period?
The Enlightenment
What were the three mandates of the French Academy?
- To teach skills, history, theory, and aesthetics
- To uphold and regulate artistic standards
- To uplift cultural attitudes toward the arts
What was a Salon?
An event that occured every two years where Academy students would show their art to get commissions.
What was the Prix de Rome?
The prize that an Academy student would win at the Salon.
2-3 year long trip to Rome to study art.
What does revival refer to in relation to the Enlightenment?
The revival of Greek and Roman philosophies with a modern emphasis on the power of direct observation.
How did the guild system work?
Aspiring artists or craftsmen apprenticed at a guild to learn a trade from the bottom up.
Does not teach theory or history, just how to do it.
What are the three levels of the guild system?
Apprentice, Journeyman, Master
Which artistic movement is noted as being a vehicle for the Enlightenment?
Neoclassism
Especially relating to ideas of rationalism and reason
What quote became the central idea of the Enlightenment?
“I think, therefore I am”
Which Enlightenment philosopher coined the quote “I think, therefore I am”
Rene Descartes
What great minds are central to the Enlightenment?
Voltaire
Jean d’Alembert
Denis Diderot
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
Immanuel Kant
What three types of groups were a part of the Estates General?
- Clergy
- Nobility
- Third Estate (Commoners)
What did the Estates General change their name to on June 17th, 1789?
The National Assembly
What did the National Assembly change their name to when they were writing the new consititution?
The Constitutional Assembly
When was the storming of Bastille which is now a French National Holiday?
July 14th, 1789
What was Madame Tussaud’s claim to fame?
Artist who made wax death masks of almost everyone who was sent to death on the guillotines
Who killed Marat?
Charlotte Corday
How can the element of space be shown in art?
- Overlapping objects
- Relative size
- Linear perspective
- Atmospheric perspective
