(a) Getting the most of reactants Flashcards
What are industrial processes supposed to be designed to do?
To maximise profit and minimise impact on the environment.
What are the factors that affect the design of an industrial process?
- Availability of feed stock
- Sustainability of feed stock
- Cost of feed stock
- Opportunities for recycling
- Energy requirements
- Marketability of by-products
- Product yield.
What must companies do to try and contain environmental impacts?
Minimise waste by recycling
Avoid using or making toxic substances
Make biodegradable products and wast where possible.
What does it mean if a reactant is in excess?
Not all of the reactant will be used up in the reaction because the reaction will be stopped by the limiting reactant.
What does it mean if a reactant is the limiting reactant?
It will determine the quantity of products obtained as it will stop the reaction once it has all been used up.
What do equal volumes of gas contain?
Equal number of molecules (moles).
What is the molar volume of a gas?
The volume occupied by one mole of the gas.
What is the formula for percentage yield?
Actual yield/ theoretical yield multiplied by 100.
What is the formula for atom economy?
Mass of desired products/ total mass of reactants multiplied by 100.
If a reaction has a high atom economy or percentage yield what is the reaction said to be?
Efficient.
What is one way to solve the problem of a low atom economy?
Add a catalyst.
How will a catalyst improve atom economy?
It can be reused and allows the reaction to take place at a lower temperature.
