(a) Getting the most of reactants Flashcards

1
Q

What are industrial processes supposed to be designed to do?

A

To maximise profit and minimise impact on the environment.

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2
Q

What are the factors that affect the design of an industrial process?

A
  1. Availability of feed stock
  2. Sustainability of feed stock
  3. Cost of feed stock
  4. Opportunities for recycling
  5. Energy requirements
  6. Marketability of by-products
  7. Product yield.
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3
Q

What must companies do to try and contain environmental impacts?

A

Minimise waste by recycling
Avoid using or making toxic substances
Make biodegradable products and wast where possible.

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4
Q

What does it mean if a reactant is in excess?

A

Not all of the reactant will be used up in the reaction because the reaction will be stopped by the limiting reactant.

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5
Q

What does it mean if a reactant is the limiting reactant?

A

It will determine the quantity of products obtained as it will stop the reaction once it has all been used up.

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6
Q

What do equal volumes of gas contain?

A

Equal number of molecules (moles).

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7
Q

What is the molar volume of a gas?

A

The volume occupied by one mole of the gas.

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8
Q

What is the formula for percentage yield?

A

Actual yield/ theoretical yield multiplied by 100.

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9
Q

What is the formula for atom economy?

A

Mass of desired products/ total mass of reactants multiplied by 100.

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10
Q

If a reaction has a high atom economy or percentage yield what is the reaction said to be?

A

Efficient.

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11
Q

What is one way to solve the problem of a low atom economy?

A

Add a catalyst.

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12
Q

How will a catalyst improve atom economy?

A

It can be reused and allows the reaction to take place at a lower temperature.

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