1A - Ecology

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

All of the individuals of the same species living within the same specific area at the same time.

Question 2

Community

Answer 2

The sum of all the populations living in a particular area and their interactions

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

All the living things in a particular area tigether with abiotic and biotic parts of that environment

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

Collection of all ecosystems representing the zones of life on earth -> litho, hydro, and atmosphere.

Question 5

Ecology

Answer 5

The scientific study of interatctions between organisms and the environment.

Question 6

Biological levels of organization, arranged from simplest to most complex.

Answer 6

Organelle
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Communitites
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 7

Chemosynthesis formula

Answer 7

6CO2 + 6H20 + 3H2S -> C6H1206 + 3HSO4

Question 8

Chemosynthesis

Answer 8

the process by which food is made by bacteria or other living things using chemicals as the energy source, typically in the absence of sunlight (bad ass photosynthesis)

Question 9

Difference between Energy cycle vs Matter cycle

Answer 9

The energy cycle is an OPEN SYSTEM, it enters as sunlight and leaves as heat druing transfers between trophic levels.

The matter cycle is a CLOSED SYSTEM, it is recycled. Remember law of conservation mass: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 10

Producer/ Autotrophs

Answer 10

Organisms that synthesize its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical or light energy.

Question 11

Conusumers/ Heterotrophs

Answer 11

Organisms that cannot make its own food through photo or chemosynthesis and must get their nutrients from organic molecules formed by producers.

Question 12

Cellular respiration

Answer 12

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP, which may be used as energy to power many reactions throughout the body.

Question 13

Cellular respiration formula

Answer 13

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 13

Photosynthesis formula

Answer 13

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 14

Phoyosynthesis

Answer 14

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Question 15

Tropic structure

Answer 15

a hierarhcy of feeding relationships which determine pathways for energy flow and nutrient cycling.

Question 16

Food chain

Answer 16

the linear pathway thorugh which food is transferred from to producers and to pregressively higher feeding levels

Question 17

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 17

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only change forms or move from one place to another

Question 18

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 18

No transformation or transfer is completelt efficient, some energy is alway lost in the form of heat.

Question 19

10% rule/ rule of 10

Answer 19

energy transfer between trophic levels is typically on 10%

Question 20

Ecological pyramids

Answer 20

describe quantitative relationships between trophic levels

Question 21

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 21

is based on the number of organisms in each trophic level

Question 22

Pyramid of energy

Answer 22

based on the total amount if energy in each trophic level

Question 23

Pyramid of biomass

Answer 23

based on the biomass of organisms in each tropic level.

Question 24

Biomass

Answer 24

The mass of living biological organisms or material in a given area or ecosysten at any given time

Question 25

Endotherms

Answer 25

Use thermal energy generated by metabolism to maintain homeostatic (equilibrium) body temperatures

Question 26

Ectotherms

Answer 26

Lack efficient internal mechanisms for maintaining body temperatures
May regulate temperature behaviourally by moving into sun or shade or aggregating with other individuals

Question 27

Metabolic rate

Answer 27

Amount of energy expended by an animal over a specific ain’t of time
-a net gain in energy can result in energy storage or growth
-a net loss of energy can result in loss of mass or death
-smaller the organism, higher the metabolic rate