A Changing Time

Question 1

History is divided into how many periods? And what are they?

Answer 1

History is divided into 3 periods:- ancient, medieval, and modern.

Question 2

What was the stepping stone of British rule in India?

Answer 2

The battle of Plassey in 1757.

Question 3

Modern period in europe began with?

Answer 3

The fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Question 4

__________ which was marked by a renewed emphasis on the spirit of enquiry.

Answer 4

European renaissance

Question 5

What is renaissance ?

Answer 5

The term ‘Renaissance’ means ‘rebirth’ or ‘revival’. It was characterised by a thirst for knowledge, freedom of thought and action, humanism, rationalism, scientific outlook, the spirit of discovery and a reawakening of interest in the study of ancient classics.

Question 6

Where did the movement ‘Renaissance’ started?

Answer 6

This movement started in Italy around 15th century CE and soon spread to the whole of Europe.

Question 7

What is humanism?

Answer 7

An approach to life based on reason and attaching importance to human form.

Question 8

Authors like ________ and _________ wrote on various aspects of life.

Answer 8

Shakespeare, Milton

Question 9

Scholars like _____ and __________ wrote about the society.

Answer 9

Dante, Sir Thomas More

Question 10

Who were the greatest artists of this period?

Answer 10

• Leonardo da Vinci
• Michelangelo
• Raphael

Question 11

Who is regarded as the symbol of renaissance?

Answer 11

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 12

Who proved that the earth revolves around the sun?

Answer 12

Copernicus, a polish astronomer.

Question 13

What is new heliocentric theory?

Answer 13

The theory that the earth revolves around the sun.

Question 14

In ____, the pope told ______ not to hold, teach or defend the new heliocentric theory.

Answer 14

1616 CE, Galileo

Question 15

Who discovered the circulation blood?

Answer 15

William Harvey

Question 16

Who invented the movable-type printing press? When was it invented?

Answer 16

Johannes Gutenberg of Germany invented the movable-type printing press in 1436.

Question 17

Who are called heretic?

Answer 17

One who challenges the doctrines of the church.

Question 18

What is enlightened

Answer 18

Not ignorant or narrow in thinking

Question 19

Define: monopoly

Answer 19

Complete control over trade.

Question 20

In 1453, the ____ captured Constantinople and the traditional land trade routes to the East came under their control.

Answer 20

Turks

Question 21

Who sailed down the western coast of Africa and reached its southern tip? What did he named it?

Answer 21

In 1488 CE, Bartholomew Diaz sailed down the western coast of Africa and reached its southern tip, which he named the Cape of good hope.

Question 22

________ successfully reached _______ in 1498 CE, by discovering a new sea route to India.

Answer 22

Vasco da Gama, Calicut

Question 23

In 1499 CE, Amerigo vespucci discovered?

Answer 23

America

Question 24

What is feudalism?

Answer 24

A word derived from the Latin word ‘fief’, which means grant of land in lieu of some services, particularly military services.

Question 25

What were the two institutions which dominated the medieval European society?

Answer 25

Feudalism and the medieval Church

Question 26

The ________ was very wealthy and headed by the pope, who had often more power than the King.

Answer 26

Roman catholic church

Question 27

Who was the first to protest against the church?

Answer 27

Martin Luther, a professor of theology in Germany.

Question 28

What is the reformation movement?

Answer 28

This movement questioned the corrupt practices of the church. It lasted from 1517 to 1648 CE

Question 29

Martin Luther and his followers broke away and formed a church on their own called the ________. What were their followers called?

Answer 29

Protestant church. Their followers were called protestants because they protested against the practices of the Roman catholic church.

Question 30

What is industrial revolution?

Answer 30

The transformation from a manual mode of production to mechanised mode of production is called the industrial revolution.

Question 31

Give 4 factors for the growth of industrial revolution.

Answer 31

• Machines replaced manual labour as a time saving and more productive substitute. • Britain had large deposits of coal and iron, and rapid industrialization required coal in large quantities, this lead to the settings of coal mining industries • The development and adoption of steam engines allowed for more efficient and powerful machinery, which significantly increased production capabilities in various industries. •The use of steam locomotives revolutionized transportation during the Industrial Revolution, enabling fast and efficient movement of goods and raw materials.

Question 32

What did Abraham Darby established?

Answer 32

In 1709, abraham Darby established the first coke-fired blast furnace, which was larger and produced cheap cast iron, compared to the expensive charcoal -fored furnace.

Question 33

Who is renowned as the 'father of the railways'?

Answer 33

George Stephenson

Question 34

Who invented the spinning Jenny? Who invented the spinning frame?

Answer 34

James Hargreaves invented the spinning Jenny in 1764, and Richard arkwright invented the spinning frame in 1769, which was powered by water.

Question 35

Whose safety lamp provided safety to the miners while working inside the mines?

Answer 35

Sir Humphry davy's safety lamp

Question 36

What is capitalism?

Answer 36

In this system the means of production were in private hands and the main aim was to generate more profit.

Question 37

What is Marxism/socialism?

Answer 37

Marxism is a theory by Karl Marx and Friedrich engels that critiques capitalism, focusing on class struggle between the (capitalists) and the (workers). It advocates for a classless society where resources are communally owned.

Question 38

What is colonialism?

Answer 38

It is a practice by which a powerful nation maintains or extends its control over another country for the purpose of exploiting its resources.

Question 39

What is imperialism?

Answer 39

Imperialism is a policy by which one nation acquires control over another nation partially or completely without the will of the people of that country.

Question 40

Cause for the rise of imperialism

Answer 40

- need to access to both resources and markets was necessitated by large-scale industrial development in europe. -having a large number of colonies -European nations justified their imperialist ambitions by calling it their 'moral obligation' to civilised the uncivilised nations of the east.