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History > A Changing Time > Flashcards

A Changing Time Flashcards

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1
Q

History is divided into how many periods? And what are they?

A

History is divided into 3 periods:- ancient, medieval, and modern.

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2
Q

What was the stepping stone of British rule in India?

A

The battle of Plassey in 1757.

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3
Q

Modern period in europe began with?

A

The fall of Constantinople in 1453.

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4
Q

__________ which was marked by a renewed emphasis on the spirit of enquiry.

A

European renaissance

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5
Q

What is renaissance ?

A

The term ‘Renaissance’ means ‘rebirth’ or ‘revival’. It was characterised by a thirst for knowledge, freedom of thought and action, humanism, rationalism, scientific outlook, the spirit of discovery and a reawakening of interest in the study of ancient classics.

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6
Q

Where did the movement ‘Renaissance’ started?

A

This movement started in Italy around 15th century CE and soon spread to the whole of Europe.

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7
Q

What is humanism?

A

An approach to life based on reason and attaching importance to human form.

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8
Q

Authors like ________ and _________ wrote on various aspects of life.

A

Shakespeare, Milton

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9
Q

Scholars like _____ and __________ wrote about the society.

A

Dante, Sir Thomas More

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10
Q

Who were the greatest artists of this period?

A
  • Leonardo da Vinci
  • Michelangelo
  • Raphael
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11
Q

Who is regarded as the symbol of renaissance?

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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12
Q

Who proved that the earth revolves around the sun?

A

Copernicus, a polish astronomer.

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13
Q

What is new heliocentric theory?

A

The theory that the earth revolves around the sun.

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14
Q

In ____, the pope told ______ not to hold, teach or defend the new heliocentric theory.

A

1616 CE, Galileo

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15
Q

Who discovered the circulation blood?

A

William Harvey

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16
Q

Who invented the movable-type printing press? When was it invented?

A

Johannes Gutenberg of Germany invented the movable-type printing press in 1436.

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17
Q

Who are called heretic?

A

One who challenges the doctrines of the church.

18
Q

What is enlightened

A

Not ignorant or narrow in thinking

19
Q

Define: monopoly

A

Complete control over trade.

20
Q

In 1453, the ____ captured Constantinople and the traditional land trade routes to the East came under their control.

A

Turks

21
Q

Who sailed down the western coast of Africa and reached its southern tip? What did he named it?

A

In 1488 CE, Bartholomew Diaz sailed down the western coast of Africa and reached its southern tip, which he named the Cape of good hope.

22
Q

________ successfully reached _______ in 1498 CE, by discovering a new sea route to India.

A

Vasco da Gama, Calicut

23
Q

In 1499 CE, Amerigo vespucci discovered?

A

America

24
Q

What is feudalism?

A

A word derived from the Latin word ‘fief’, which means grant of land in lieu of some services, particularly military services.

25
Q

What were the two institutions which dominated the medieval European society?

A

Feudalism and the medieval Church

26
Q

The ________ was very wealthy and headed by the pope, who had often more power than the King.

A

Roman catholic church

27
Q

Who was the first to protest against the church?

A

Martin Luther, a professor of theology in Germany.

28
Q

What is the reformation movement?

A

This movement questioned the corrupt practices of the church. It lasted from 1517 to 1648 CE

29
Q

Martin Luther and his followers broke away and formed a church on their own called the ________. What were their followers called?

A

Protestant church. Their followers were called protestants because they protested against the practices of the Roman catholic church.

30
Q

What is industrial revolution?

A

The transformation from a manual mode of production to mechanised mode of production is called the industrial revolution.

31
Q

Give 4 factors for the growth of industrial revolution.

A

• Machines replaced manual labour as a time saving and
more productive substitute.
• Britain had large deposits of coal and iron, and rapid industrialization required coal in large quantities, this lead to the settings of coal mining industries
• The development and adoption of steam engines allowed for more efficient and powerful machinery, which significantly increased production capabilities in various industries.
•The use of steam locomotives revolutionized transportation during the Industrial Revolution, enabling fast and efficient movement of goods and raw materials.

32
Q

What did Abraham Darby established?

A

In 1709, abraham Darby established the first coke-fired blast furnace, which was larger and produced cheap cast iron, compared to the expensive charcoal -fored furnace.

33
Q

Who is renowned as the ‘father of the railways’?

A

George Stephenson

34
Q

Who invented the spinning Jenny? Who invented the spinning frame?

A

James Hargreaves invented the spinning Jenny in 1764, and Richard arkwright invented the spinning frame in 1769, which was powered by water.

35
Q

Whose safety lamp provided safety to the miners while working inside the mines?

A

Sir Humphry davy’s safety lamp

36
Q

What is capitalism?

A

In this system the means of production were in private hands and the main aim was to generate more profit.

37
Q

What is Marxism/socialism?

A

Marxism is a theory by Karl Marx and Friedrich engels that critiques capitalism, focusing on class struggle between the (capitalists) and the (workers). It advocates for a classless society where resources are communally owned.

38
Q

What is colonialism?

A

It is a practice by which a powerful nation maintains or extends its control over another country for the purpose of exploiting its resources.

39
Q

What is imperialism?

A

Imperialism is a policy by which one nation acquires control over another nation partially or completely without the will of the people of that country.

40
Q

Cause for the rise of imperialism

A
  • need to access to both resources and markets was necessitated by large-scale industrial development in europe.
    -having a large number of colonies
    -European nations justified their imperialist ambitions by calling it their ‘moral obligation’ to civilised the uncivilised nations of the east.

History (4 decks)

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