a and p powerpoint 2

Question 1

the organization of the body:

Answer 1

whole human body, 11 body system, 60+ organs, 4 types of tissues, and trillions of cells

Question 2

muscular tissue:

Answer 2

movement of the skeleton.
ex: beating heart

Question 3

connective tissue:

Answer 3

makes up bones, cartilage and blood.
it connects the organs together.

Question 4

nervous tissues:

Answer 4

conducts electrical impulses through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Question 5

Epithelial tissue:

Answer 5

makes up the skin, internal lining of internal pathways, and glands

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

control center and contains genetic information

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum:

Answer 7

synthesizes proteins and ships them all around the cell
can be smooth or rough

Question 8

mitochondria:

Answer 8

converts food into ATP; powerhouse of the cell

Question 9

Golgi apparatus:

Answer 9

transports materials around the cell in sacs called vesicles.

Question 10

lysosomes:

Answer 10

breaks down waste

Question 11

centrioles:

Answer 11

aid in cell division

Question 12

vacuoles:

Answer 12

stores nutrients and water

Question 13

what genetic material is found in a cell?

Answer 13

there are 46 chromosomes made of DNA found in the nucleus

Question 14

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 14

Double helix;twisted ladder

Question 15

the sides of the ladder are made up of:

Answer 15

sugar and phosphates

Question 16

the middle of ladder is made up of:

Answer 16

nitrogen bases; adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 17

Adenine always goes with:

Answer 17

Thymine

Question 18

Cytosine always goes with:

Answer 18

guanine

Question 19

A goes with T and C goes with G is called

Answer 19

base paring

Question 20

DNA is used to code for all ____ around the body

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

The two major processes on how to create proteins are

Answer 21

translation and transcription

Question 22

Transcription is the process of converting ____ into ____

Answer 22

DNA into mRNA message

Question 23

The DNA template changes what base pairing?

Answer 23

When there is an “a” first then “u” will be paired not “t” but “t” will pair with “a” if “t” is first

Question 24

During translation ____ leave the nucleus to create proteins in the____

Answer 24

mRNA strands, ribosomes

Question 25

During translation ____ molecules bring in ____ ____ to match with ____ codons

Answer 25

tRNA, Amino acids, mRNA

Question 26

During translation amino acids form a _____ chain that fold into a ____

Answer 26

polypeptide , protein

Question 27

When a cell grows ______, the processes of bringing in nutrients and removing waste become _______.

Answer 27

too large, inefficient

Question 28

To prevent cells from becoming too large, cells ____ on a regular ____

Answer 28

divide, cycle

Question 29

Mitosis is the period of division in _____ cells

Answer 29

somatic (body)

Question 30

Mitosis is the division of _____ and then _____

Answer 30

chromosomes,cytoplasm

Question 31

During mitosis ____ parent cell makes _____ _______ daughter cells

Answer 31

one, two identical

Question 32

Meiosis is the period of division in ___

Answer 32

sex cells (gametes)

Question 33

During meiosis ____ parent cell makes _____ ______daughter cells

Answer 33

one, four different

Question 34

Cells need to move materials

Answer 34

in and out

Question 35

The cell membrane is a specialized, _______ ____ barrier. Only _____ substances can pass through.

Answer 35

semi-permeable, some

Question 36

______ of substances and _____ (the diffusion of water) are both examples of _____ transport processes.

Answer 36

Diffusion, osmosis, passive

Question 37

Passive transport means molecules move naturally from _____ concentration to _____ concentration, which does NOT require _______.

Answer 37

high, low, energy

Question 38

In facilitated diffusion larger molecules need to be _____ across the membrane by ______ made of protein

Answer 38

helped, channels

Question 39

Active transport moves molecules from _____ concentration to _____ concentration. Because this is the opposite of the natural process, it does require ______

Answer 39

low, high, energy

Question 40

there are two main types of active transport:

Answer 40

exocytosis, endocytosis

Question 41

endocytosis:

Answer 41

into the cell

Question 42

exocytosis:

Answer 42

out of the cell

Question 43

homeostasis is the way that they body stays _____ on the inside and out

Answer 43

balanced

Question 44

negative feedback loops are more common in the body and are _____ changes in the body to keep the body in balance

Answer 44

reducing

Question 45

positive feedback loops are rare and drive the body _____ ____ from balance

Answer 45

further away

Question 46

Childbirth and vomiting are a common example of

Answer 46

positive feedback loops

Question 47

blood sugar regulation and temperature regulation are examples of :

Answer 47

negative feedback loops

Question 48

what is the process of the homeostatic feedback mechanism?

Answer 48

a stimulus is recognized by the receptor that sends information to the control center through an afferent pathway. Then the control center sends a signal to the effector through an efferent pathway to keep the body in balance.

Question 49

negative feedback loops:

Answer 49

reduce/take away

Question 50

positive feedback loops

Answer 50

increasing

Question 51

afferent pathway=

Answer 51

away

Question 52

efferent pathways=

Answer 52

effector

Question 53

Homeostasis is important because:

Answer 53

without homeostasis our body does not have the ability to maintain what is necessary for human life.

Question 54

When a person says the cancer has metastasized that means the cells have

Answer 54

divided uncontrollably and have broken off and are traveling around the body

Question 55

the principle of complementarity is the _____ of a cell is dependent on the _______ of that cell

Answer 55

function, structure

Question 56

You can determine the function of a cell by its

Answer 56

structure

Question 57

totipotent is when a cell has the capability of developing into a _____ _____

Answer 57

complete organisim

Question 58

the single cell that has divided to form a ball of cells known as _____

Answer 58

blastocyst

Question 59

_____ cells are only able to create more of their own type

Answer 59

unipotent

Question 60

The ability to regulate the expression of certain genes is known as

Answer 60

epigenetics

Question 61

In _____ DNA is copied into mRNA

Answer 61

transcription

Question 62

In ______ mRNA is converted into proteins

Answer 62

translation

Question 63

why do cells need to divide?

Answer 63

the process of getting nutrients and removing waste becomes inefficient