A and P chapter 1

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

the study of structure

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

the study of function

Question 3

_______ determines function?

Answer 3

Structure

Question 4

What is life’s hierarchy of organization?

Answer 4

cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism

Question 5

Define cell

Answer 5

The fundamental unit of life, basic unit of life.

Question 6

Define tissue

Answer 6

A group of similar cells that preform a specific function.

Question 7

Define organ

Answer 7

A structure that is composed of tissues and that provides a specific function for the organism.

Question 8

Define organ system

Answer 8

Several organs that cooperate in a specific function.

Question 9

Define Organism

Answer 9

An individual living thing

Question 10

Levels of organization (chemistry)

Answer 10

Matter
Elements
Subatomic particles
Atom
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelle

Question 11

How do body parts at different levels of organization vary in complexity?

Answer 11

Usually the lower levels of organization are less complex, higher levels of organization are built from lower levels.

Question 12

Digestion

Answer 12

breakdown of food substances into simpler forms

Question 13

Movement

Answer 13

Change is position; motion

Question 14

Responsiveness

Answer 14

reaction to change taking place inside or outside of the body

Question 15

Absorption

Answer 15

passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids

Question 16

Growth

Answer 16

increase in body size; no change in shape

Question 17

Circulation

Answer 17

movement of substances in body fluids

Question 18

Reproduction

Answer 18

production of new organisms and new cells

Question 19

Respiration

Answer 19

obtaining oxygen; releasing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods

Question 20

Assimilation

Answer 20

changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms

Question 21

Excretion

Answer 21

removal of waste produced by metabolic reactions

Question 22

What is metabolism?

Answer 22

the physical and chemical changes of an organism, all chemical activity in a cell, including reactions to build and break molecules.

Question 23

Environment factors needed for life?

Answer 23

Water
Food
Pressure
Heat
Oxygen

Question 24

How is balance related to internal environment?

Answer 24

Homeostasis, the body’s attempt to maintain a constant and balanced internal environment

Question 25

Describe three homeostatic mechanisms?

Answer 25

The receptor, the control (brain), and the effectors

Question 26

Another name for Homeostasis mechanism?

Answer 26

The negative feedback system

Question 27

Where is the dorsal cavity located?

Answer 27

The back

Question 28

What is located in the dorsal cavity?

Answer 28

The cranial (brain) and spinal (spinal cord) cavity

Question 29

Where is the ventral cavity located?

Answer 29

The front

Question 30

What is located in the ventral cavity?

Answer 30

The thoracic (mediastinum; center) and the abdominopelvic (abdominal; stomach, liver, intestines) and the pelvic cavity (bladder, repro.)

Question 31

What are the viscera?

Answer 31

The internal organs located in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 32

What are serous membranes?

Answer 32

They are thin and secrete a thin watery fluid.

Question 33

What are Visceral membranes?

Answer 33

They are serous membranes which cover organ surfaces.

Question 34

What are the Pleural membranes (Lungs)?

Answer 34

Visceral pleura (lines lungs surface) and parietal pleura (lines cavity lungs are in)

Question 34

What are Parietal membranes?

Answer 34

They are serous membranes which cover cavity walls.

Question 35

What are pericardial membranes (heart)?

Answer 35

Visceral pericardium (epicardium; covers surface of heart) and parietal pericardium (lines cavity heart is in)

Question 36

What are peritoneal membranes (abdominal)?

Answer 36

Visceral peritoneal (covers surface of abdominal organs) and parietal peritoneal (lines

Question 37

Correct anatomical position?

Answer 37

standing erect
facing forward
arms at side
palms forward

Question 38

Terms of relative position?

Answer 38

Superior (above)/ inferior (below), Anterior or Ventral (toward the front)/ posterior or dorsal (toward the back), Medial (toward the midline)/ Lateral (to the sides), Ipsilateral (same side)/ Contralateral (opposite sides), proximal (close to point of attachment)/ distal (farther from point of attachment), Superficial (close to body surface)/ Deep (more internal)

Question 39

Types of sections in the body?

Answer 39

Sagittal (divides body into left and right sides), Transverse (divides into superior and inferior), Coronal or Frontal (divides into front and back sides)