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Biology Topic 2 - Cells > A - 2 - Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses > Flashcards

A - 2 - Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A single celled organism

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2
Q

Which organelles are found in a prokaryote?

A
  • Cell surface membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Flagellum
  • Free floating DNA
  • Plasmids
  • Slime Capsule
  • Cell wall
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3
Q

What is the structure and function of the flagellum?

A
  • A long hair like structure that rotates to make the prokaryotic cell move
  • Not all prokaryotes have a flagellum
  • Some have more than one
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4
Q

Describe the DNA found in a Prokaryote

A
  • Floats free in the cytoplasm
  • It’s circular and present as one coiled up strand
  • Not attached to any histone proteins
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5
Q

Describe the structure and function of a plasmid

A
  • Plasmids are small loops of DNA that aren’t part of the main circular DNA molecule
  • Contain genes for things such as antibiotic resistance
  • Can be passed between prokaryotes
  • Not always present in prokaryotes
  • Some have several
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6
Q

What is the function of the slime capsule?

A

Helps to protect the bacteria from attack by cells of the immune system

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7
Q

What is the cell wall in a prokaryote made of?

A
  • Made of a polymer called murein

- It is a glycoprotein

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8
Q

What is the typical size of a prokaryotic cell?

A

less than 2 um in diameter

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9
Q

What is the typical size of a Eukaryotic cell?

A

They are up to 50 times bigger than prokaryotes

Around 0.1mm

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10
Q

What is Binary Fission?

A

The process by which prokaryotic cells replicate

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11
Q

Describe the 4 steps of binary fission

A

1 - The circular DNA and plasmids replicate
2 - The cell gets bigger and the DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell
3 - The cytoplasm begins to divide
4 - The cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced. each daughter cell has one copy of circular DNA, but can have a variable number of copies of the plasmids

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12
Q

What is a virus?

A

An acellular structure that invades and reproduces inside the cells of other organisms

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13
Q

Give 3 examples of viruses

A
  • HIV
  • Influenza
  • Rhinoviruses
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14
Q

What is a host cell?

A

A cell inside which a virus replicates

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15
Q

Describe the basic structure of a virus

A
  • Capsid (Protein coat)
  • Attachment Proteins
  • Core of genetic material
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16
Q

What are the 5 steps to viral replication?

A

1 - Virus attaches to host cell receptor proteins
2 - Genetic material is released into the host cell
3 - Genetic material and proteins are replicated by host cell ‘machinery’
4 - Viral components assemble
5 - Replicated viruses are released from host cell

Biology Topic 2 - Cells (6 decks)

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