A Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
accommodate
A
To provide with a place to live or to be stored in:
New students may be accommodated in halls of residence.
to give what is needed to someone:
We always try to accommodate (= help) our clients with financial assistance if necessary.
2
Q
accompany
A
to go with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as something:
Depression is almost always accompanied by insomnia.
3
Q
accumulate
A
to collect a large number of things over a long period of time:
As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes.
4
Q
acquire
A
to get or obtain something:
From humble beginnings he went on to acquire great wealth.
5
Q
adjacent
A
very near, next to, or touching:
They work in adjacent buildings.
They lived in a house adjacent to the railway.
6
Q
advocate
A
to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something:
She advocates taking a more long-term view.
7
Q
aggregate
A
Collection- something formed by adding together several amounts or things:
They purchased an aggregate of 3,000 shares in the company.
Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals.
8
Q
aid
A
a piece of equipment that helps you to do something:
teaching aids, such as books and videos
9
Q
albeit
A
although:
The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
10
Q
allocate
A
give- to give something to someone as their share of a total amount, to use in a particular way:
The government is allocating £10 million for health education.
11
Q
alter
A
change- to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change:
We’ve had to alter some of our plans.
12
Q
amend
A
to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document:
MPs were urged to amend the law to prevent another oil tanker disaster.
13
Q
analogy
A
a comparison between things that have similar features, often used to help explain a principle or idea:
He drew an analogy between the brain and a vast computer.
14
Q
annual
A
happening once every year:
an annual event/visit/holiday
Companies publish annual reports to inform the public about the previous year’s activities.
15
Q
anticipate
A
to imagine or expect that something will happen:
We don’t anticipate any trouble.
16
Q
apparent
A
able to be seen or understood:
Her unhappiness was apparent to everyone.
17
Q
append
A
to add something to the end of a piece of writing:
The author appends a short footnote to the text explaining the point.
18
Q
arbitrary
A
based on chance- rather than being planned or based on reason:
arbitrary decision-making
Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?
19
Q
assemble
A
to come together in a single place or bring parts together in a single group:
We assembled in the meeting room after lunch.
to assemble data
20
Q
assess
A
Concider- to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something:
The insurers will need to assess the flood damage.
They assessed the cost of the flood damage at £2,500.
21
Q
attribute
A
Characteristics- a quality or characteristic that someone or something has:
Organizational ability is an essential attribute for a good manager.
22
Q
Brief
A
lasting only a short time or containing few words:
His acceptance speech was mercifully brief.
I had a brief look at her report before the meeting.
23
Q
cease
A
stop- to stop something:
Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.
The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.
24
Q
chart
A
Graph/tabell- a drawing that shows information in a simple way, often using lines and curves to show amounts:
There is a chart on the classroom wall showing the relative heights of all the children.
The sales chart shows a distinct decline in the past few months.
25
cite
to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened:
She cited three reasons why people get into debt.
26
coincide
to happen at or near the same time:
I timed my holiday to coincide with the children's.
If the heavy rain had coincided with an extreme high tide, serious flooding would have resulted.
27
commence
start\ begin
to begin something:
We will commence building work in August of next year.
28
commission
to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work, or to formally ask for a special piece of work from someone:
The newspaper commissioned a series of articles on the worst excesses of the fashion industry.
She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait.
29
commit
to do something illegal or something that is considered wrong:
He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit.
30
commodity
a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold:
The country's most valuable commodities include tin and diamonds.
31
compile
Collect\gather-
to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book, report, or list:
We're compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject.
32
compound
combination\mixture of
a chemical that combines two or more elements:
Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
Many fertilizers contain nitrogen compounds
33
comprehensive
complete- and including everything that is necessary:
We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business.
Is this list comprehensive or are there some names missing?
34
Comprise
consist of- to have things or people as parts or members:
The course comprises a class book, a practice book, and a CD.
35
compute
to calculate an answer or amount by using a machine:
Compute the ratio of the object's height to its weight.
36
conceive
Think- to imagine something:
He couldn't conceive of a time when he would have no job.
37
concurrent
happening or existing at the same time:
The two events are concurrent, so attendees must choose between them.
38
confer
to exchange ideas on a particular subject, often in order to reach a decision on what action to take:
I need some time to confer with my lawyer.
39
confine
limit- to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:
Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!
40
considerable
large or of noticeable importance:
The fire caused considerable damage to the church.
41
constitute
represent- to be or be considered as something:
This latest defeat constitutes a major setback for the Democrats.
42
constrain
Limit- to control and limit something:
The country's progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward.
Time/physical/etc constraints
43
contemporary
modern- existing or happening now, and therefore seeming modern:
Sarah's artwork reflects her unique perspective on contemporary issues.
contemporary music/literature/art/fashion
I wanted to update my kitchen and put in something more contemporary.
44
convene
meet- to bring together a group of people for a meeting, or to meet for a meeting:
The prime minister convened (a meeting of) his cabinet to discuss the matter.
The council will be convening on the morning of the 25th.
45
correspond
to match or be similar or equal:
The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my plane ticket.
46
denote
represent- to represent something:
The colour red is used to denote passion or danger.
47
derive
to get something from something else:
The institute derives all its money from foreign investments.
48
deviate
to do something that is different from the usual or common way of behaving:
The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this time of year.
49
devote
dedicated- to give all of something, especially your time, effort, or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a person:
He left the Senate to devote more time to his family.
She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people.
At the age of 25, he decided to devote himself to God.
B2 [ passive ]
to use a space, area, time, etc. for a particular purpose:
Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment.
The report recommends that more resources be devoted to teaching four-year-olds.
50
dimension
a measurement of something in a particular direction, especially its height, length, or width:
Please specify the dimensions (= the height, length and width) of the room.
a building of vast dimensions (= size)
a part or feature or way of considering something:
His personality has several dimensions.
These weapons add a new dimension to modern warfare.
There is a spiritual dimension to her poetry.
51
Diminish
to reduce or be reduced in size or importance:
I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
These memories will not be diminished by time.
52
discrete
separate- clearly separate or different in shape or form:
These small companies now have their own discrete identity.
53
display
to arrange something or a collection of things so that it can be seen by the public:
Family photographs were displayed on the wall.
54
displace
to force something out of its usual or original position:
The blow displaced the woman's eardrum and left her partially deaf.
See also
displaced person
to start to be used instead of something or someone else; to replace something or someone:
Contemporary technoscience has largely displaced these early thermodynamic principles.
The next step, the union fears, is for contractors to start fitting parts onto planes on the line, displacing well-paid workers.
55
dispose
get rid of
organizing
to make someone feel a particular way towards someone or something:
His rudeness when we first met didn't dispose me very kindly to/towards him.
56
distinct
clearly noticeable; that certainly exists:
There's a distinct smell of cigarettes in here.
clearly separate and different (from something else):
The two concepts are quite distinct (from each other).
There are two distinct factions within the one political party.
57
distort
to change something so that it is false or wrong, or no longer means what it was intended to mean:
She accused her opponent of distorting the truth.
The survey methods can distort reality.
to change or affect something, especially in a way that makes it worse:
The government is actually distorting markets and undermining competition.
There's a danger this could distort his judgment.
58
domestic
relating to a person's own country:
domestic airlines/flights
Domestic opinion had turned against the war.
59
duration
the length of time that something lasts:
He planned a stay of two years' duration.
60
dynamic
having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm:
She's young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team.
We need a dynamic expansion of trade with other countries.
continuously changing or developing:
Business innovation is a dynamic process.
The situation is dynamic and may change at any time.
61
encounter
a meeting, especially one that happens by chance:
I had an alarming encounter with a wild pig.
This meeting will be the first encounter between the party leaders since the election.
62
enforce
to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted:
It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits.
63
entity
something that exists apart from other things, having its own independent existence:
The museums work closely together, but are separate legal entities.
He regarded the north of the country as a separate cultural entity.
64
erode
to rub or be rubbed away gradually:
Wind and rain have eroded the statues into shapeless lumps of stone.
The cliffs are eroding several feet a year.
65
estate
a large area of land in the country that is owned by a family or an organization and is often used for growing crops or raising animals:
country estate It's a typical country estate with a large house for the owner, farm buildings, and estate workers' houses.
66
evolve
to develop gradually, or to cause something or someone to develop gradually:
Did humans evolve from apes?
67
exhibit
to show something publicly:
He frequently exhibits at the art gallery.
In the summer the academy will exhibit several prints that are rarely seen.
68
extract
to remove or take out something:
extract something from something They used to extract iron ore from this site.
be extracted from The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
The tooth was eventually extracted.
69
facilitate
to make something possible or easier:
The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.
The current structure does not facilitate efficient work flow.
70
federal
relating to the central government, and not to the government of a region, of some countries such as the US:
the federal government
a federal agency/employee
71
finit
a limit or end:
The funds available for the health service are finite and we cannot afford to waste money.
We only have a finite amount of time to complete this task - we can't continue indefinitely.
72
Fluctuate
Vary- to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another:
Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.
73
format
a pattern, plan, or arrangement:
The meeting will have the usual format - introductory session, group work and then a time for reporting back.
74
fourthcoming
happening soon:
We have just received the information about the forthcoming conference.
75
framework
a supporting structure around which something can be built
a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something:
a legal framework for resolving disputes
76
grant
an amount of money given especially by the government to a person or organization for a special purpose:
a student/research grant
77
implicate
Involve- to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened:
Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery?
Saying something indirectly: coffein makes me awake, she implicated that she did not want any.
78
Impose
to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received:
Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.
Judges are imposing increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences.
The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks.
79
incline
tilt\lean towards-
to (cause to) slope at a particular angle:
The ground inclined steeply towards the ridge in the distance. Stigning
to (make someone) feel something or want to do something:
The prime minister is believed to be inclining towards an April election.
80
incorporate
to include something as part of something larger:
be incorporated into/in Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into/in the final design.
81
index
an alphabetical list, such as one printed at the back of a book showing which page a subject, name, etc. is on:
in the index Try looking up "heart disease" in the index.
82
induce
persuade:
They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom.
83
inevitable
unavoidable- certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented:
The accident was the inevitable consequence/result/outcome of carelessness.
84
inherent
existing as a natural or basic part of something:
There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport.
85
inhibit
to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed :
be inhibited (from) Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers.
86
Initial
of or at the beginning:
My initial surprise was soon replaced by delight.
Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.
87
initiate
to cause something to begin:
Who initiated the violence?
88
integral
necessary and important as a part of a whole:
integral part He's an integral part of the team and we can't do without him.
integral to Bars and terrace cafés are integral to the social life of the city.
89
integrity
the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change:
No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity.
90
intermediate
being between two other related things, levels, or points:
There are three levels of difficulty in this game: low, intermediate, and high.
This novel is too difficult for intermediate students of English.
91
interpret
tolke- to decide what the intended meaning of something is:
It's difficult to interpret these statistics without knowing how they were obtained.
A jury should not interpret the silence of a defendant as a sign of guilt.
92
intervene
to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse:
The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate.
93
invoke
to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action:
During the debate, the politician invoked historical precedent to support her argument.
94
label
a piece of paper or other material that gives you information about the object it is attached to:
Remember to put some address labels on the suitcases.
Washing instructions should be on the label.
95
legislate
If a government legislates, it makes a new law:
They promised to legislate against cigarette advertising.
It's hard to legislate for (= make a law that will protect) the ownership of an idea.
96
levy
an amount of money, such as a tax, that you have to pay to a government or organization:
They imposed a five percent levy on alcohol.
97
Mediate
to talk to two separate people or groups involved in a disagreement to try to help them to agree or find a solution to their problems:
Negotiators were called in to mediate between the two sides.
The two envoys have succeeded in mediating an end to the war.
98
modify
change- to change something such as a plan, opinion, law, or way of behaviour slightly, usually to improve it or make it more acceptable:
Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to modify their behaviour.
The proposals were unpopular and were only accepted in a modified form.
99
monitor
person who watches. a person who has the job of watching or noticing particular things:
United Nations monitors were not allowed to enter the area.
100
negate
nullfil- gjør noe ubrukelig eller ugyldig. to cause something to have no effect:
The increase in our profits has been negated by the rising costs of running the business.
101
Notion
a belief or idea:
The show's director rejects the notion that seeing violence on television has a harmful effect on children.
I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living.
102
Notwithstanding
despite- despite the fact or thing mentioned:
Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan.
Injuries notwithstanding, the team won the semifinal.
103
objective
goal- something that you plan to do or achieve:
Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power.
Can the sales team achieve/meet its financial objectives?
104
obtain
Get- to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it, working for it, or producing it from something else:
to obtain permission
First editions of these books are now almost impossible to obtain.
In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.
Sugar is obtained by crushing and processing sugar cane.
105
offset
compensate- to balance one influence against an opposing influence, so that there is no great difference as a result:
The extra cost of travelling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here.
106
the orient
the countries of East and Southeast Asia
107
parameter
Limit- a set of facts or a fixed limit that establishes or limits how something can or must happen or be done:
The researchers must keep within the parameters of the experiment.
The central office sets/establishes the parameters that guide policy at the local level.
108
persist
cotinue-
If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist:
If the pain persists, consult a doctor.
The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week.
109
precede
go before-
to be or go before something or someone in time or space:
It would be helpful if you were to precede the report with an introduction.
110
predominant
more noticeable or important, or larger in number, than others:
Research forms the predominant part of my job.
Dancers have a predominant role in this performance.
111
Preliminary
innledende- coming before a more important action or event, especially introducing or preparing for it:
Preliminary results show that the vaccine is effective, but this has to be confirmed by further medical trials.
We've decided to change the design based on our preliminary findings.
111
presume
believe- to believe something to be true because it is very likely, although you are not certain:
I presume (that) they're not coming, since they haven't replied to the invitation.
112
principal
First in order of importance:
Iraq's principal export is oil.
He was principal dancer at the Dance Theatre of Harlem.
That was my principal reason for moving.
113
prohibit
Forbid- to officially refuse to allow something:
Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre.
The government introduced a law prohibiting tobacco advertisements on TV.
Parking is strictly prohibited between these gates.
114
proportion
the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole:
Children make up a large proportion of the world's population.
A higher proportion of men are willing to share household responsibilities than used to be the case.
The report shows that poor families spend a larger proportion of their income on food.
115
prospect
possibility- the possibility that something good might happen in the future:
Is there any prospect of the weather improving?
There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute.
116
pursue
to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it:
The car was pursued by helicopters.
The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey.
He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police.
117
radical
believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change:
He was known as a radical reformer/thinker/politician.
These people have very radical views.
118
Ratio
the relationship between two groups or amounts that expresses how much bigger one is than the other:
The ratio of men to women at the conference was ten to one/10:1.
119
Refine
to make something pure or improve something, especially by removing unwanted material:
We need to refine society through increased sustainability by removing oil platforms.
120
Reluctance
an unwillingness to do something:
Her reluctance to talk to the press was quite understandable.
121
Reside
to live, have your home, or stay in a place:
The family now resides in southern France.
122
resolve
to solve or end a problem or difficulty:
resolve the problem Have you resolved the problem of transport yet?
123
restrain
to control the actions or behaviour of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something:
When he started fighting, it took four police officers to restrain him.
124
Retain
keep- to keep or continue to have something:
She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.
125
rigid
stiff or fixed; not able to be bent or moved:
a rigid steel and concrete structure
I was rigid with (= stiff and unable to move because of) fear.
126
Simulate
to do or make something that looks real but is not real:
Ruth simulated pleasure at seeing Sam, but really she wished he hadn't come.
The computer simulates (= represents) different road conditions for new drivers to practise on.
126
Scope
the range of a subject covered by a book, programme, discussion, class, etc.:
I'm afraid that problem is beyond/outside the scope of my lecture.
127
sphere
an object shaped like a round ball:
Doctors have replaced the top of his hip bone with a metal sphere.
Are of knowledge:
Political, economic sphere.
128
subordinate
having a lower or less important position:
a subordinate role
subordinate status
The individual's needs are subordinate to those of the group.
129
subsequent
later\ following-
happening after something else:
The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from politics.
Those explosions must have been subsequent to our departure, because we didn't hear anything.
130
subsidy
money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourage it to happen:
Companies who recruit through the scheme will receive a subsidy of £50 a week.
131
successors
etterfølger-
someone or something that comes after another person or thing:
The university is seeking a successor to its vice chancellor, who retires this spring.
This range of computers is very fast, but their successors will be even faster.
132
Trace
to find someone or something that was lost:
The police are trying to trace the mother of a newborn baby found abandoned outside a hospital.
133
Transit
the movement of goods or people from one place to another:
in transit It is possible to make an insurance claim for any goods lost or damaged in transit.
The question is whether road transit is cheaper than rail.
134
Transmit
Send out:
Department stores use EDI to transmit orders to suppliers.
135
ultimate
most extreme or important because either the original or final, or the best or worst:
Of course the ultimate responsibility for the present conflict without doubt lies with the aggressor.
136
undertake
to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult:
Students are required to undertake simple experiments.
137
whereby
by which way or method:
They've set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a two-year period.
We need to devise some sort of system whereby people can liaise with each other.
138
widespread
existing or happening in many places and/or among many people:
There are reports of widespread flooding in northern France.
Malnutrition in the region is widespread - affecting up to 78 percent of children under five years old.
The campaign has received widespread support.
139
whereas
compared with the fact that; but:
You eat a huge plate of food for lunch, whereas I have just a sandwich.
