**_🫀🫁Cardio & Resp🫀🫁 - Structural Heart Disease Flashcards
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Superior vena cava
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Right pulmonary artery
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Pulmonary trunk
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Right atrium
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Right pulmonary veins
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Fossa Ovalis
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Pectinate muscles
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Tricuspid valve
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Right ventricle
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Chordae tendinae
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Trabeculae Carneae
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Inferior vena cava
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Left pulmonary artery
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Aorta
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Left atrium
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Left pulmonary veins
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Mitral (bicuspid) valve
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Aortic valve
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Pulmonary semilunar valves
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Left ventricle
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Papillary muscles
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Intraventricular septum
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Epicardium
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Myocardium
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Endocardium
What vessels drain deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cava
Where does blood go after the right atrium?
Through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
Where does blood go after the right ventricle?
Through the pulmonary semi-lunar valves, into the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
Where does oxygenated blood go after it leaves the lungs?
Drained into the left atrium via the pulmonary veins
Where does blood go after the left atrium?
Through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle
Where does blood go after the left ventricle?
Through the aortic semilunar valves and into the body via the aorta and its branches
What are the layers of the heart wall, from inner to outer?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
What is the function of the pectinate muscles?
Muscular ridges found in the atria
Help to increase the surface area in the right atrium, thereby increasing force of contraction without thickening the wall
What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
Cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to to tricuspid and mitral valves
Prevent valves from prolapsing during ventricular systole
What is the function of the trabecular carneae?
Irregular muscular columns in the ventricles
Provide additional support to ventricular valves - maintains stroke volume and cardiac output
What is the function of the papillary muscles?
Small, cone shaped muscles located in the ventricles
Attach to cusps of atrioventricular valves - prevent prolapse or inversion
Attach via chordae tendineae
What is the intraventricular septum?
A muscular wall that separates the ventricles of the heart
What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle?
Systole and diastole
Which of systole and diastole is longer?
Diastole
How do you calculate cardiac output?
Stroke volume x heart rate
How do you calculate stroke volume?
End diastolic volume - end systolic volume
How do you calculate mean arterial pressure?
DBP + 1/3 PP
What are the stages of diastole?
Isovolumetric relaxation
Rapid filling
Reduced filling
Atrial systole