9D Speciation

Question 1

The biological definition of species

Answer 1

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals that actually or potentially mate and produce fertile offspring.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A single very long condensed molecule of DNA containing genes

Question 3

Homologous chromosome

Answer 3

One of a pair of chromosomes carrying the same genes

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

Characteristics of physical form, such as shape, size and the presence or absence of features

Question 5

Morphological definition of species

Answer 5

Based on whether they share the same morphology. Do they look similar of different.

Question 6

Phylogenetic definition of species

Answer 6

The smallest clade that can trace it’s evolutionary origins to a common ancestor. Generally calculated based on comparison of species DNA and or proteins.

Question 7

Phylogenetic

Answer 7

based on evultionary history

Question 8

Speciation

Answer 8

one species may diverge to give arise to two new species

Question 9

What causes allopatric speciation

Answer 9

• A parent population is divided by a geographic barrier.
• There is no gene flow between the two daughter populations.
• Mutations ( may ) arise in each population ( randomly )
• Different selection pressures operate in each population.

Question 10

Adaptive radiation

Answer 10

Rapid speciation of one species into many, each filing a different ecological niche.

Question 11

Polyploidy

Answer 11

Possessing more than two sets of chromosomes

Question 12

Sympatric speciation

Answer 12

Sympatric speciation - speciation with strong gene flow
evolution of a new species surviving from ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region.

Question 13

Disruptive selection

Answer 13

Causes a population to become genetically distinct, due to more extreme genotypes / phenotypes to have an advantage