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Chapter 9 > 9A the gene pool > Flashcards

9A the gene pool Flashcards

1
Q

Allele

A

An alternative form / version of a gene

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1
Q

Population

A

All the members of a species in a location at a time

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2
Q

Gene pool

A

All the alleles at the same gene loci of a population of a single species at a time

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3
Q

Mutation

A

Any change to the DNA of an organism that is unpredictable and random

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4
Q

spontaneous mutation

A

A mutation that happens for no particular reason

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5
Q

Induced mutation

A

A mutation caused by ionising radiation or chemical mutagen

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6
Q

Block inversion

A

A block of genes is inverted or flipped

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7
Q

Block deletion

A

A block of genes is removed from chromosomes

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8
Q

Block duplications

A

A block of chromosomes gets duplicated

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9
Q

translocation

A

Block of genes is moved from one chromosome to another

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10
Q

Point mutation

A

Less than a gene - single or couple bases

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11
Q

Germline

A

Can be passed on

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12
Q

Somatic

A

Cannot be passed on

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13
Q

Polyploidy

A

Whole extra set of chromosomes

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14
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Extra / missing chromosome

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15
Q

Base substitution

A

Substituting one nitrogenous base for another

16
Q

Block mutation

A

more than a gene

17
Q

Base deletion

A

Deleting a nitrogenous base

18
Q

Base insertion

A

Inserting a nitrogenous base

19
Q

Frameshift

A

Causes changes in amino acids

20
Q

Silent

A

Encodes the same protein

21
Q

Missense

A

Creates a different protein

22
Q

Nonsense

A

Encodes a stop codon - shortened

23
Q

Terminology for the reason of mutation

A

Spontaneous
Induced

24
Q

Terminology for where + inheritability

A

Germline
Somatic

25
Q

Terminology for amount of DNA changed

A

polyploidy
aneuploidy
block mutation
point mutation

26
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA that tells the cell how to make a specific protein, which codes for a specific feature of an organism

27
Q

Phenotype

A

The observable traits of an organism

28
Q

Genotype

A

The combination of alleles in an individual organism

Chapter 9 (7 decks)

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