Pathology Of Head And Neck

Question 1

What are the signs and symptoms

Answer 1

Pain
Tumor
Ulcer
Dysphasia
Trismus (lockedjaw)
Stridor

Question 2

What epithelial lining in aero-digestive tract and what is the common cancer observed

Answer 2

Squamous epithelium

Squamous cell cancer

Question 3

What are the causer of pain

Answer 3

Inflammation
Ulceration
Swelling with pressure
Obstruction of ducts

Question 4

Name the malignancies of mucosal and non-mucosal disease

Answer 4

Smoking, spirits (alcohol) , syphilis, spices, septic teeth

Question 5

What is stridor and what causes it?

Answer 5

Obstruction to air entry and exhaling of air usually involvement of larynx

Question 6

Explain dysphasia

Answer 6

• Difficulty in swallowing due to pain
• obstruction due to tumor
• combination of both

Question 7

What is Trismus

Answer 7

• Difficulty in opening of mouth due to pain

* involvement of muscles of masticaticn

Question 8

What needs to be considered with tumors

Answer 8

• Primary tumor = anatomical site, structures, benign us malignant
• metastatic disease= direct spread, lymph nodes involvement

Question 9

Causes of salivary glands infections (swelling)

Answer 9

1. Viral infections
2. Ductal obstruction
3. Trauma to minor glands or ducts
4. Tumors - benign
5. Tumors- malignant
6. Major vs minor glands

Question 10

salivary glands ducal obstruction

Answer 10

→ Stones- lemon juice help excrete stones/surgery
→ Tumours - rarely
→ Trauma - directly affect salivary glands

Question 11

Name benign unilateral salivary gland tumours

Answer 11

• Pleomorphic adenome
• monomorphic adenoma - wharthins tumor
• Oncocytomas

Question 12

Malign-an unilateral tamers

Answer 12

1. muco epidermoid cancer
2. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
3. Acidic cell carcinoma
4. Malignant pleomorphia adenoma
5. ? Squamous ca
6. Lymphoma

Question 13

How to manage salivary gland

Answer 13

Manager underlying cause

Remove the salivary gland