98-154

Question 1

Legislation by the US Congress in December 1807 that closed US ports to all exports and restricted imports from Britain. The act was President Thomas Jefferson’s response to Britain inference with neutral US merchant ships.

Answer 1

Embargo Act

Question 2

While the states were writing their constitutions, the Continental Congress created a plan for the nation as a whole. Instead of having three branches of government it only had one branch and a one house legislature, called Congress. There was NO executive branch and no system of national courts. The framers of the Articles of Confederation kept in mind their complaints against Britain. The new states did not want to risk giving too much power to the central government. Thus, the Articles of Confederation provided for a limited central government. In the Articles of Confederation, most of the power was in the hands of the state. Congress could NOT regulate trade, collect taxes, or enforce a common currency. It could, however, make laws, declare war, coin or borrow money, and run a postal service.

Answer 2

Articles of Confederation

Question 3

Congress had to devise a system for land sales and settlement. Under the Land Ordinance of 1785, surveyors were to divide public lands into townships, 6 miles on each side. This would result in a grid of squares. Within each township there would be a grid, 1 mile on each side. These 36 sections would be sold for no less than one dollar an acre. Within each township, one section was set aside to support Public Schools. This reflected the belief of the nation’s leaders that democracy depended on education.

Answer 3

Land Ordinance of 1785/Public Schools

Question 4

Congress passed this to establish rules for how the territory would be governed. It guaranteed basic rights for settlers and banned slavery there. The Northwest Ordinance set a three-step process for admitting new states. When a territory was just starting to be settled, Congress would appoint a governor, a secretary, and three judges. Once a territory had 5,000 free adult male settlers, it could elect a legislature. When a free population reached 60,000, the territory could ask to become a state. In time, five states-Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin- were carved out of the Northwest Territory.

Answer 4

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Question 5

an attempt by Tennessee settlers to create a new state out of the Watauga and surrounding settlements. Due to North Carolina’s opposition over losing territory, they were not able to garner enough votes in Congress to be admitted. It is an example of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation requirements for statehood.

Answer 5

Lost State of Franklin

Question 6

The economic depression hit farmers in Massachusetts especially hard. As the crop prices declined, many farmers were unable to pay their taxes. The state government began to seize farms in order to compensate for the tax money owed. This was an uprising led by Daniel Shay in which a group of farmers tried to seize guns from a state warehouse. The rebellion was eventually stopped by the state militia. As a result of Shay’s Rebellion, our country’s leaders decided it was time to write a new constitution because the Articles of Confederation provided no national army or law enforcement power.

Answer 6

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 7

a meeting of delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, by the end of the convention, our country had a new Constitution. George Washington was quickly voted the leader of the convention and James Madison wrote everything down during the convention.

Answer 7

Constitutional Convention

Question 8

considered the father of the Constitution. He wrote down everything that was said during the convention and negotiated compromises.

Answer 8

James Madison

Question 9

a combination of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan. The compromise called for a two-house legislature. One house would be based on a state’s population, the other house every state would get an equal number of representatives.

Answer 9

The Great Compromise

Question 10

stated that a state can count 3/5th of their slave population towards the number of delegates they receive in Congress.

Answer 10

3/5th Compromise

Question 11

outlines the purposes of the government

(1) to form a more perfect Union,
(2) establish Justice,
(3) insure domestic Tranquility,
(4) provide for the common defense,
(5) promote the general Welfare, and
(6) secure the Blessings of Liberty

Answer 11

Preamble of the Constitution

Question 12

believed in a strong central government. They also believed that the wealthy are most fit to govern the people.

Answer 12

Federalists

Question 13

were a series of essays written by the leaders of the Federalists (Madison, Hamilton, Jay) arguing for their point of view.

Answer 13

Federalist Papers

Question 14

advocated for a stronger state government. They also believed everyone had the right to hold office, regardless of how much money they had.

Answer 14

Anti-Federalist

Question 15

Congress must approve the proposed amendment by a 2/3 majority in both houses. Then ¾ of the states must ratify or approve the amendment for it to go into effect.

Answer 15

Amend the Constitution

Question 16

the balancing of power between the states and the federal government. Congress and the Constitution typically try to manage this by implementing various laws and amendments.

Answer 16

Federalism

Question 17

began when the anti-federalists agreed to approve the Constitution if the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights. 9 out of the 13 states also had to vote to ratify.

Answer 17

Ratification of the Constitution

Question 18

a system created and used by the United States government in order to ensure one branch of government did not have more power than another branch of government.

Answer 18

Checks and Balances

Question 19

ensures that the three branches of government have distinct authority over various government functions. The Legislative branch creates the laws, the Executive branch enforces the laws, the Judicial branch interprets the laws.

Answer 19

Separation of Powers

Question 20

the first 10 amendments in the Constitution. The first amendment says freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly. The second says you have the right to bear arms. The third amendment says the government cannot force you to quarter troops. The fourth says that U.S. citizens are protected from unreasonable searches of a person’s property. The fifth says you have the right to due process or double jeopardy. The sixth amendment says you have the right to a fair trial. The seventh amendment says you have the right to a trial by jury. The eighth amendment says no cruel or unusual punishment and the ninth amendment says power to the people and the tenth gives power to the states.

Answer 20

The Bill of Rights

Question 21

set many precedents as the first president. He voluntarily served only two terms as president, appointed a cabinet of advisors that included Secretary of State, Treasury, and War, and gave an inaugural and farewell address.

Answer 21

George Washington

Question 22

As part of Hamilton’s plan to pay back the national debt, the government imposed a tax on all whiskey. Many backcountry farmers made money by turning the corn they grew into whiskey. This severely hurt their income. In 1794 farmers in Pennsylvania revolted. Washington quickly dispersed the rebellion showing the power of the central government.

Answer 22

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 23

In 1796, George Washington voluntarily left the office of President of the United States. He gives the United States two pieces of advice in his farewell address. He warned against political parties and advised the United States to stay away from permanent alliance with European countries.

Answer 23

George Washington’s Farewell Address

Question 24

the secretary of the Senate and he created a three part plan to bring the nation out of debt. Hamilton was also a federalist and supported a loose interpretation of the Constitution to provide for a National Bank. (FEDERALIST)

Answer 24

Alexander Hamilton

Question 25

the belief that the government could do some things that were not directly permitted by the Constitution through the elastic. (FEDERALIST)

Answer 25

Loose Construction

Question 26

a draftsman of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president. He was also responsible for the Louisiana Purchase and he argued the National Bank was unconstitutional. (REPUBLICAN)

Answer 26

Thomas Jefferson

Question 27

the belief that the government can only do things that the Constitution specifically says. The Republican Party favored this belief. (REPUBLICAN)

Answer 27

Strict construction

Question 28

a part of Hamilton’s three-part plan to bring the nation out of debt after the American Revolution. The United States would create the National Bank to deposit federal funds.

Answer 28

The National Bank

Question 29

All free men (white and African Americans) 21 years or older had voting rights, no supreme court, weak executive position

Answer 29

Statehood of Tennessee/ Tennessee Constitution of 1796

Question 30

was one of the founding fathers of Tennessee and helped Daniel Boone establish the Watauga settlement, which was one of Tennessee’s earliest settlements. He is sometimes referred to as “The Father of Middle Tennessee.”

Answer 30

James Robertson

Question 31

was the first territorial governor of Tennessee from 1790-1796. He was also one of the first two senators elected from Tennessee in 1796. Blount served in the Revolutionary War and helped negotiate the Treaty of Holston.

Answer 31

William Blount

Question 32

was a short-lived attempt by Richard Henderson and investors to purchase a large chunk of Kentucky and Tennessee (1775) (controlled by the Cherokee) in order to make a profit in the animal pelt business. The Transylvania Colony ceased to exist when the Virginia General Assembly invalidated the purchase. These events led to the future Watauga Settlements and their petitions to govern themselves independent of British rule.

Answer 32

Transylvania Purchase

Question 33

was the first known attempt by colonists to create a government that was independent and separate from Britain. The Watauga Settlement was located in modern-day east Tennessee and laid the foundation for other people moving and settling in the state.

Answer 33

Watauga Settlement

Question 34

was a peace treaty signed by the United States government and the Cherokee nation (1791). The U.S. government promised to protect the Cherokee people and stay peaceful towards their nation moving forward.

Answer 34

Treaty of Holston

Question 35

succeeded the presidency after George Washington left office. Immediately the French began to give Adams problems for remaining neutral in their conflicts. In 1797, Adams sent three diplomats to France in order to work out any issues. a Founding Father, the first vice president of the United States and the second president. His son, John Quincy Adams, was the nation’s sixth president.

Answer 35

John Adams

Question 36

John Adams sent 3 diplomats to France to work out any issues. When these American diplomats arrived in France, the French would not speak to them. Three French agents told the Americans that they would only speak to them if the Americans paid the French $250,000 and gave the government a loan of several million dollars. This outraged many Americans and had several leaders calling for war.

Answer 36

XYZ Affair

Question 37

Adams was being criticized heavily by Republicans for avoiding war with France. Congress passed 2 laws in 1798 in the wake of this outcry for war. One act, the (Alien Act) increased the duration from 5 to 14 years that a person had to live in the United States to become a citizen. The other act, the (Sedition Act) made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or false about the President, Congress, or the government in general.

Answer 37

Alien Act/Sedition Act

Question 38

Also known as the election of 1800 in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party defeated President John Adams of the Federalist Party. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership.

Answer 38

Revolution of 1800

Question 39

the chief justice of the Supreme Court in the Marbury v. Madison case.

Answer 39

John Marshall

Question 40

This case established judicial review, which is the authority of the Supreme Court to write a law unconstitutional.

Answer 40

Marbury v Madison

Question 41

Trade with Europe was critical to the United States’ success. The Barbary States were pirates from the North African countries of Morocco, Algiers, Tunisia, and Tripoli. These pirates began attacking American merchant ships. Thomas Jefferson sent American warships to protect our merchant ships.

Answer 41

Defeat of the Barbary Pirates

Question 42

By the 1800s, more than one million people were living between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi. Most settlers in this region were farmers. Because there were few roads in the West, they relied on the Mississippi River to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans. Spain, which controlled the Mississippi and New Orleans, often threatened to close the ports. Pinckney’s Treaty granted the Americans rights to use these ports. But then, the U.S. found out Spain secretly sold New Orleans and the rest of its Louisiana Territory to France. France tried to conquer America, but that failed, so France sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for 15 million dollars, 4 cents an acre.

Answer 42

Louisiana Purchase

Question 43

This duo set off to explore the Louisiana Territory in 1803. Their goal was to find a waterway that stretched from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Along the way, the expedition crossed the Rocky Mountains and eventually made it to the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 43

Lewis and Clark

Question 44

the wife of a French fur trader, served as a guide/translator on Lewis and Clark’s expedition.

Answer 44

Sacagawea

Question 45

Trade with Europe was essential to the United States’ success. Because the British blocked US trade with Europe through impressment and seizing ships. Initially, the United States wanted to gain control of Canada, but were unsuccessful. The British attacked and burned Washington D.C. to the ground.

Answer 45

Cause of the war of 1812

Question 46

southern members of Congress who were calling for war.

Answer 46

War hawks

Question 47

seizing sailors and forcing them to serve in the navy.

Answer 47

Impressment

Question 48

the ninth president of the United States (1841) and the first to die in office. Harrison led an attack on Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe ended Native American resistance under Tecumseh.

Answer 48

William Henry Harrison

Question 49

part of the Shawnee tribe and he tried to urge Native American resistance to preserve and restore Indian lands.

Answer 49

Tecumseh

Question 50

fought during the War of 1812. Andrew Jackson led the fight against the Creek Indians effectively ending Creek resistance to American advances into the southeast, opening up the Mississippi Territory for pioneer settlement.

Answer 50

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Question 51

By 1814, Britain got tired of war. Peace talks began in Ghent, Belgium. On Christmas Eve 1814, the two sides had signed the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war. But, news of the treaty took several weeks to reach the United States. In that time, the two sides fought one more battle. In January 1815, American forces under General Andrew Jackson won a stunning victory over the British here.

Answer 51

Battle of New Orlenas

Question 52

During the War of 1812, the new British strategy was to attack the nation’s capital, Washington D.C. In August 1814, a British force marched to the city. The British set fire to several government buildings, including the White House.

Answer 52

Burning of Washington D.C.

Question 53

After the attack on D.C., the British moved to Baltimore. Their first objective was Fort McHenry, which defended the city’s harbor. British warships bombarded the fort throughout the night. Francis Scott Key, a young American, watched the attack. At dawn, Key saw the American flag still flying over the fort. The Americans had beaten off the attack. Key wrote a poem about this attack called “The Star-Spangled Banner’’, which is our national anthem today.

Answer 53

Battle of Fort McHenry

Question 54

On December 24, 1814, this treaty was signed by British and American representatives ending the War of 1812. This treaty provided all land to be returned to the US and also made the US build the sentiment of _______________ as a young nation. All of this led into the ____________________. This was the idea that the US should continue to strive for a sense of unity as a nation.

Answer 54

Treaty of Ghent/Rise of Nationalism/Era of Good Feelings

Question 55

After the War of 1813, relations between the United States and Great Britain were suffering. This set the Western boundary between the United States and what would become Canada. There were some arguments over borders, but political tensions between the U.S. and Great Britain were reduced.

Answer 55

Convention of 1818

Question 56

Spain ceded, or gave up, Florida to the United States.

Answer 56

Adam-Onis Treaty

Question 57

stated that the United States would not allow European countries to create colonies in the Americas or to interfere with newly formed Latin American colonies. The United States would consider any act to do so an act of hostility.

Answer 57

Monroe Doctrine