Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

9 Respiratory Pathology > 9.5 Restrictive diseases > Flashcards

9.5 Restrictive diseases Flashcards

1
Q

sarcoidosis in lung:

-histology. what’s characteristic?

A
  • noncaseating granulomas, made of epitheloid histiocytes
  • characteristic ‘asteroid bodies’ seen inside giant cells of granulomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

“pigeon breeder’s lung”

A

ex of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

beryliosis

  • how presents
  • what populations
  • increased risk for what complication
A
  • pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of beryllium–aerospace industry, beryllium miners
  • noncaseating granulomas in lung, hilar lymph nodes, systemic organs (just like sarcoidosis!)
  • increase risk of lung cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Asbestosis

-what population

A

-construction workers, plumbers, shipyard workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sarcoidosis:

-general mech, etiology

A
  • etiology unknown,
  • probably a T-cell response to unknown antigen
  • noncaseating granulomas in systemic organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what 2 drugs are notorious for causing interstitial fibrosis as side effect

A

amiodarone

bleomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sarcoidosis in lung:

-clinical presentation (3)

A
  1. dyspnea, cough
  2. elevated serum ACE
  3. hypercalcemia (increased 1A OHlase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sarcoidosis:

-what electrolyte concentration is altered in blood? why?

A
  • hypercalcemia
  • noncaseating granulomas: the epitheloid histiocytes have 1-alpha-OHlase activity to convert Vit D to active form.
  • you see this in berylliosis too
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sarcoidosis:

what enzyme is increased in blood?

A

elevated serum ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the only pneumoconioses that increases risk of TB?

A

silicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

  • clinical presentation
  • complication
  • mech
A
  • fever, cough, dyspnea hours after exposure to inhaled organic antigen. Resolves with removal, but chronic leads to interstitial fibrosis
  • inhaled organic antigen causes granulomatous reaction. Eosinophils involved.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Berylliosis

-what electrolyte concentration is altered in blood? why?

A
  • hypercalcemia
  • noncaseating granulomas: the epitheloid histiocytes have 1-alpha-OHlase activity to convert Vit D to active form.
  • you see this in sarcoidosis too
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coal miner pt with lung problems:

-what other problems to look for

A
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • (Caplan syndrome–“rheumatoid pneumoconiosis”)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

  • progression of disease
  • tx
A
  • initially fibrosis seen on CT in subpleural patches
  • then, results in diffuse fibrosis with end-stage ‘honeycomb’ lung
  • tx: lung transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pneumoconioses

  • what is this
  • mech of disease
A
  • interstitial disease caused by long-term inhalation of small particles in occupational exposure
  • small particles are not removed by mucus and enter alveoli, where macrophages eat them. Macrophages don’t know what to do with these foreign particles and induce fibrosis of lung.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibrosis of lung, pleura,

cancer of lung, pleura.

-what pneumoconiosis?

A

Asbestosis

14
Q

Pt has noncaseating granulomas in lung, hilar lymph nodes, systemic organs, and works in aerospace industry

-suspect what?

A
  • Beryliosis!
  • sounds just like sarcoidosis
15
Q

anthracosis

A

collections of macrophages filled with carbon from inhalation. Very common in hilar lymph nodes, but mostly asymptomatic. Can be found in people that live in polluted cities.

17
Q

Asbestosis

  • complications, which is more common
  • how to diagnose?
A

-“fibrosis of lung, pleura,

cancer of lung, pleura”

  • lung cancer much more common than mesothelioma (pleura cancer)
  • dx with histology: asbestos bodies in lung (long fibers)
18
Q

sarcoidosis:

-how does it affect lung

A
  • noncaseating granulomas in lung and hilar lymph nodes
  • restrictive lung disease
20
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

-what is considered most likely mech?

A

-cyclical lung injury induces TGF-beta healing response from injured pneumocytes. This induces fibrosis.

21
Q

what is the syndrome assoc with Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis?

A

Caplan syndrome:

combo of:

  1. diffuse interstitial fibrosis (‘black lung’)
  2. rhematoid arthritis
22
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

-make sure to rule out what things?

A
  1. drugs: (bleomycin, amiodarone)
  2. radiation therapy
23
Q

sarcoidosis:

  • common clinical presentations (4)
  • progression of disease, tx
A

noncaseating granulomas throughout systemic organs. Common ones:

  1. lung fibrosis
  2. uveitis
  3. skin (cutaneous nodules, erythema nodosum)
  4. salivary, lacrimal glands (mimics Sjogrens)
    - Tx with steroids. often resolves spontaneously w/o tx
24
Q

restrictive lung disease:

2 major categories of mechanism

A

restricted filling of lung:

  1. interstitial disease
  2. chest wall abnormalities (eg obesity), so lungs cannot fill
25
Q

Pt with lung granulomas and eosinophils

-what is this

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

-granulomatous reaction to inhaled organic antigen (eg pigeon breeder’s lung)

27
Q

Name the pneumoconioses:

A
  1. Coal workers’ pneumonconiosis
  2. silicosis
  3. berylliosis
  4. asbestosis
28
Q

silicosis

  • mech
  • how presents
A
  • silica impairs phagolysosome formation in macrophages. only pneumoconiosis that increases risk of TB infection
  • fibrotic nodules in upper lobes of lung
29
Q

sarcoidosis:

-classic population

A

black females

9 Respiratory Pathology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions